Proteins integral viscosity

For protein-based drugs, filtration via a 0.2 pm filter is an effective way to achieve sterilization. Factors that determine the filtration efficiency include integrity of the filter, pressure, temperature, how rate, contact time of material with the filter, pH, and viscosity. Validation of filters should include chemical compatibility of the filter with the product and possibility of contaminant from the filters leaching into the product. 

Each pair of chambers is connected to the protein sample and one of 48 crystallization solution reservoirs. The chip has 480 integrated valves that are actuated through three separately addressable control lines. As a precaution, 48 safety valves are included at the solution inlets to avoid the unwanted loss of protein sample in the unlikely event of an interface valve failure. The remaining two lines simultaneously control all interface and containment valves. By virtue of this parallel architecture and the robustness of the BIM scheme, solutions of varying viscosity, surface tension, pH and ionic strength may be simultaneously metered and mixed at three different mixing ratios using only two hydraulic control lines. 

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