Protein-polysaccharide synthesis, cellular

Cellular aspects of protein polysaccharide synthesis, including intracellular sites of synthesis, mechanism of secretion, and regulation of polysaccharide biosynthesis in the intact cell. 

We have studied two of the three major kinds of biopolymers polysaccharides in Chapter 21 and proteins in Chapter 22. Now we will look at the third kind of biopolymer—nucleic acids. There are two types of nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DMA encodes an organism s entire hereditary information and controls the growth and division of cells. In all organisms (except certain viruses), the genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA. This information can then be translated for the synthesis of all the proteins needed for cellular structure and function. 

We must give first an outline of the non-metal pathways which we observe in all cells. We start here because we know nothing about their abiotic chemistry but assume that cellular life arose from it. We shall assume that the basic requirement of all metabolism is the energised and catalysed synthesis of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These are polymers (see Table 4.5), formed from monomers, all of which could have always arisen when energy was applied to the... 

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