Protein chip applications

Srikant, P., Singh, A.K., McElhanon, J.R., and Dentinger, P.M. (2004) Dendrimer-activated surfaces for high density and high activity protein chip applications. Langmuir 20(15), 6075-6079. 

Steinhauer C., Wingren C., Hager A. C., and Borrebaeck C. A., Single framework recombinant antibody fragments designed for protein chip applications. Biotechniques., Suppl 38-45, 2002. 

The PDMS microwell array is mounted onto a glass slide and activated using an epoxysilane to which the protein may be attached. The wells were about 1.4 mm in diameter and 300 pm deep allowing a volume of approximately 300 nL. The microwell protein chip should be widely applicable. 

Protein Chips Proteins, too, can be immobilized on a solid surface and used to help define the presence or absence of other proteins in a sample. For example, researchers prepare an array of antibodies to particular proteins by immobilizing them as individual spots on a solid surface. A sample of proteins is added, and if the protein that binds any of the antibodies is present in the sample, it can be detected by a solid-state form of the ELISA assay (see Fig. 5-28). Many other types and applications of protein chips are being developed. 

More recently, another application of SECM detection in DNA and protein chips and in electrophoresis gels has emerged with different detection principles. Wang et al. [81] labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with gold nanoparticles. After binding to their complementary strand at the chip surface, silver was electroless deposited at the... 

Perhaps the area in proteomics that is generating most excitement at the moment is applications focusing on biomarker discovery. The development of protein chips, high-throughput mass spectrometry, and sensitive quantitation (ICAT, DICE, etc.) has provided a... 

The most common type of capture molecules used on a protein chip are antibodies, though other proteins, such as peptides, nucleic acids, enzymes and receptors, have been spotted on to chips. Protein chips can be difficult to prepare, as the proteins need to be kept in an active state, in a high concentration and in a moist environment. Typical samples investigated are cell lysates for general research or blood and urine for diagnostic applications. Fluorescence detection methods are preferred since they are simple and sensitive. Other detection methods, where labelling is not required, can take the form of SELDl or AFM. 

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