Protecting fish stocks

It is very important to continue investigation and assessment of the impact of the regional climate change, pollution, eutrophication and other human activities on fish stocks and fishing, as well as impact of fishing on the ecosystem state, and to elaborate measures to protect species and habitats. Development of aquaculture could promote restoration of resources and reduction of a fishing pressure on marine living resources and Black Sea ecosystem. 

Upon hearing the term market-based approaches to (or economic incentives for) environmental protection, some people assume this means letting unfettered competition between unregulated private firms determine how clean our air or water will be, how much open space we will have, or how many fish stocks will be driven to collapse,... 

Vegetable and seed oils as well as some synthetic base stocks present a new class of biodegradable base stocks. These fluids (10) have excellent biodegradation properties as measured by criteria developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). OECD 301 and EPA 560/6-82-003 measure the biodegradation of lubricants. These tests were developed to measure the degradation of oil, especially two-cycle ok, on waterways. Aquatic toxicity criteria toward fish is also found to be acceptable for this class of fluids as measured by EPA 560/6-82-002 and OECD 203 1-12. 

Phosphamidon. Phosphamidon was introduced into Canadian spruce budworm control programs in the mid-60s to reduce the adverse effects on aquatic organisms, particularly Atlantic salmon stocks, which had accompanied the use of DDT in previous programs. Its relatively low toxicity to fish led to the application of phosphamidon within buffer strips along streams and rivers inside large DDT spray blocks. These protective measures greatly reduced fish losses within DDT treated areas (20). Phosphamidon has also been shown to have only limited effects on aquatic insects (21, 22). 

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