Propylene transportation

Hughes immobilized AgN03 solutions in cellulose acetate hollow fibers to prepare immobilized liquid membranes for ethylene and propylene transport. 

Olefins. Facilitated transport of olefins has also been reported in the literature. LeBlanc et al. (2 ) studied ethylene transport using a silver Ion carrier in an Ion exchange membrane. Hughes et al. (23) presented the results of a bench and pilot scale study of ethylene and propylene transport using a silver ion Immobilized In anisotropic, porous hollow fiber membranes. This work is very significant because it is the first report facilitated transport membranes used on a commercial scale. Teremoto et al. (24) also studied ethylene transport with a silver ion carrier in a supported liquid membrane. They found a selectivity for ethylene over ethane of approximately 1000 when the silver nitrate concentration was 4 mol/ dm. ... 

Propylene is usually transported in the Gulf Coast as compressed hquid at pressures in excess of 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) and ambient temperatures. Compressed hquid propylene densities for metering purposes may be found in the ALPI Technical Tata Took (13). Another method (14—17) predicts densities within 0.25% and has a maximum error on average of only 0.83%. 

Ideal gas properties and other useful thermal properties of propylene are reported iu Table 2. Experimental solubiUty data may be found iu References 18 and 19. Extensive data on propylene solubiUty iu water are available (20). Vapor—Hquid—equiUbrium (VLE) data for propylene are given iu References 21—35 and correlations of VLE data are discussed iu References 36—42. Henry s law constants are given iu References 43—46. Equations for the transport properties of propylene are given iu Table 3. 

Propylene oxide is classified as a flammable Hquid and ha2ardous substance in the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Ha2ardous Materials Table. The DOT shipping requirement is Propylene Oxide, 3, UN 1280, PG 1. The red flammable Hquid label and red flammable placard are required on aH... 

Marine transportation is done by ship or barge in permanent containers on board or by ISO containers. Propylene oxide can be shipped by air freight, but specific regulations for domestic and international transport must be foHowed. No shipment of propylene oxide can be made on passenger ships or airlines (3,233). 

UN Standard lAl steel nonremovable head dmms or DOT 17C steel dmms are used to transport propylene oxide. These dmms must be tested to... 

Some alcohols, eg, propylene glycol, not only lower water activity but also have an additional preservative effect caused by the way they interfere with the ceU membrane transport system of the contaminating microorganisms. Surfactants (qv) may show a similar effect. 

In situ gravimetry on polyaniline has revealed a complicated dependence of solvent content and transport of the solvent (aqueous or nonaqueous) on pH.187 Two to three water molecules per electron can be inserted during oxidation in strongly acid solutions, while in propylene carbonate, less than one solvent molecule is involved. Propylene carbonate is first ejected from the film during oxidation, then inserted, and finally ejected again in the final stages. 

In addition to the transportation fuels shown as the main products in Figure 9.1, the refinery also produces feedstocks such as ethylene, propylene and butene for many chemical processes. We shall discuss some of these along with the major refinery processes in this chapter. 

The prototype DSCs used liquid electrolytes, typically L/I2 in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate. The electron generation/collection problem in this cell has been discussed analytically with the help of intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy [314]. A particularly challenging issue has been the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid charge-transport material... 

Transportation Bulk molding compound Propylene glycol/dipropylene... 

Cyclodextrins are often used as inverse phase transfer catalysts [11-14]. They are able to intercalate hydrophobic substances and to transport them into a polar phase like water, where the reaction takes place. To study the influence of cyclodextrins on the isomerizing hydroformylation of frans-4-octene in the biphasic solvent system propylene carbonate/dodecane, the concentration of methylated /3-cyclodextrin was varied from 0.2 up to 2.0 mol.-% relative to the substrate frans-4-octene [24]. The results are given in Table 7. 

Methanol dehydrogenation to ethylene and propylene. In some remote ioca-tions, transportation costs become very important. Moving ethane is almost out of the question. Hauling propane for feed or ethylene itself in pressurized or supercooled vessels is expensive. Moving naphtha or gas oil as feed requires that an expensive olefins plant with unwanted by-products be built. So what s a company to do if they need an olefins-based industry at a remote site One solution that has been commercialized is the dehydrogenation of methanol to ethylene and propylene. While it may seem like paddling upstream, the transportation costs to get the feeds to the remote sites plus the capital costs of the plant make the economics of ethylene and its derivatives okay. 

Propylene oxide is a low boiling point, flammable liquid, readily soluble in both water and the more common organic solvents, such as alcohol, ether, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Commercial sales involve only technical grade (about 98%), and bulk movements require a hazardous material shipping label. Standard transport equipment (trucks, tank cars, and barges) can be used. 

Acetylene is a tricky chemical feedstock. It is extremely reactive (and explosive) and impractical to transport. Generally, the industrial processes that use acetylene are close to the acetylene-generating source. Despite all the drawbacks, the Reppe process was for a half century the preferred process for EDO, but now the growth in EDO is being taken by the propylene oxide (PO) and butane feedstock routes. 

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