Propylene glycol analogues

Polyalcohols, such as glycerol, sugar, sorbitol, and propylene glycol may prevent denaturation (28). Also substrates or substrate analogues often stabilize by conferring an increased rigidity to the enzyme stmcture. 

Williams, A.C., and B.W. Barry. 1989. Urea analogues in propylene glycol as penetration enhancers in human skin. Int J Pharm 56 43. 

DL-Panthenol occurs as a white to creamy white, crystalline powder. It is a racemic mixture of the dextrorotatory (active) and levorotatory (inactive) isomers of panthenol, the alcohol analogue of pantothenic acid. It is freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in propylene glycol. It is soluble in chloroform and in ether, and is slightly soluble in glycerin. Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to litmus. 

Williams AC and Barry BW. Urea Analogues in Propylene Glycol as Penetration Enhancers in Human Skin. IntJPharm 1989 56 43-50. 

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is a simplified DNA analogue that has an acyclic three-carbon propylene glycol phosphodiester backbone (Fig. 4) (39). Variable temperature ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that complementary 18-mer GNA oligomers that contain T and A bases form antiparallel, helical duplexes based on Watson-Crick base pairing, which are more stable than the analogous DNA or RNA duplexes. No NMR or X-ray structure of GNA or hybrid GNA-DNA duplexes is yet available. Both GNA and LNA oligomers can be synthesized by standard solid-phase DNA synthetic methods, because the backbone of both molecules is formed by phosphodiester bonds. 

The P-series glycol ethers are products of the reaction of propylene oxide with various alcohols. Reaction of propylene oxide with methanol in a 1 1 mole ratio yields propylene glycol methyl ether, PM. Further reaction of PM with propylene oxide yields the dipropylene glycol methyl ether, DPM, and the tripropylene glycol methyl ether product, TPM. The aromatic ether analogue of propylene glycol is propylene glycol phenyl ether, PPh. 

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