Propofol lipid formulation

The caloric contribution from propofol infusions can require adjustment of a patient s nutrition regimen. The caloric contribution from amphotericin liposomal and lipid complex formulations is not clinically relevant. 

Emulsions - liquid dispersions usually of an oil phase and an aqueous phase - are a traditional pharmaceutical dosage form. Oil-inwater systems have enjoyed a renaissance as vehicles for the delivery of lipid-soluble dmgs (e.g. propofol). Their use as a dosage form necessitates an understanding of the factors governing the formulation and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, multiple emulsions (w/o/w or o/w/o) and microemulsions, which occupy a position between swollen micelles and emulsions with very small globule sizes. Photomicrographs of o/w, w/o systems and multiple emulsions are shown in Fig. 7.10. It is also possible to formulate nonaqueous or anhydrous emulsions, that is oil-in-oil systems and even multiple oil-in-oil-in-oil systems. 

A. Parenteral. Propofol (Diprivan) 1% (10 mg/mL) emulsion in 10% soybean oil with 2.25% glycerol and 1.25% purified egg phospholipid in 20-, 50-, or 100-mL vials and a 50-mL prefilled syringe. Contains disodium EDTA or sodium metabisulfite in the US formulation as preservatives. A 2% (20 mg/mL) emulsion has been formulated to provide the same amount of drug with less lipid concentration, but is not yet approved in the United States. Note Propofol is provided as a ready-to-use preparation, but if dilution is necessary, only use D5W and don t dilute to conoentrations less than 2 mg/mL. 

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