Properties as Mathematical Operators

The examples in this section show various forms of math atical expressions representing system properties, from simple scalars to exponential functions. For taking into account these discrepancies, the use of the operator symbolism is a convenient means of representing various mathematical forms without having to specify them. By nsing the state variable generalized symbols, the definitions of the three constitutive properties are as follows  

Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) Swedish chemist Stockholm, Sweden. 

The symbol = is used to indicate that the definition does not concern the left-hand term as usual but the right-hand one. 

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