Propagation of light along

We shall first consider the propagation of light along the optic axis for wavelengths much smaller than the pitch so that reflexion and interference... 

There is a special case for propagation of light along the helical axis of a chiral nematic liquid crystal that is very important for display apphcations. This special case is when the pitch of the chiral nematic is much greater than the wavelength, P When this... 

The theory of the propagation of light along the optic axis was considered in [11], [13]-[17j. The kinematical approach could explain many experimental results. However, for quantitative explanation of the experiments, a more detailed consideration is necessary. For this purpose, the dynamical theory should be used [15]. Precise measurements of the reflection spectrum from a monodomain CLC show good agreement with theory [18]. A solution... 

These optical properties of chiral nematic materials have all been observed experimentally. There have been quite extensive theoretical studies carried out by Mauguin [60], Oseen [61], and de Vries [26] to explain how these properties arise from the he-licoidal structure. Kats [62] and Nityanan-da [63] have derived exact wave equations to explain the propagation of light along the optic axis and Friedel [32] has reviewed the main textures observed with chiral nematics. We will outline the important elements of these studies in the next sections (Secs. 2.2.1.1 -2.2.1.3). In Sec. 2.2.1.4 we will consider how the helicoidal pitch, and... 

This remarkable result also has implications for the measurement of spatial intervals. The measurement of a spatial interval requires the time coincidence of two points along a measuring rod. The relativity of simultaneity means that one cannot contend that an observer who traverses a distance X m per second in the train, traverses the same distance x m also with respect to the embankment in each second. In trying to include the law of propagation of light into a relativity principle, Einstein questioned the way in which measurements of space and time in different Galilean frames are compared. Place and time measurements in two... 

We point out that propagation of light waves along the helical axis in such a medium is analogous to propagation of electron waves in a one-dimensional periodic lattice. What we have here are Bloch pho-... 

Depending on the substrate excitations which are coupled with light into the SP mode, one distinguishes surface plasmon polaritons, surface phonon polaritons, surface exciton polaritons, etc. In this section we shall consider surface plasmon polaritons in some detail. This type of electromagnetic wave was first discussed by Sommerfeld in connection with the propagation of radiowaves along the Earth s surface (Sommerfeld 1909). 

Figure 10.2 Graded co-continuous morphology obtained at different depths along the propagation direction of light in a PSAF/MMA (10/90) blend irradiated with 365 nm UV light at room temperature. The number on the upper left in each figure indicates the Z-coordinates of the sample.

Figure 2.10. Direction of electric vector in (a) unpolarized and (b) polarized light the direction of propagation of the light wave is along the horizontal from left to right.

Nonel fuse, invented by Nitro Nobel AB in Sweden, consists of a thick plastic tube of bore about 1 mm, the inside surface of which is dusted with a small amount of powdered high explosive. If a shock wave is formed at one end of the tube the explosive powder is raised to a dust and a stable detonation at velocity 2000 m s 1 proceeds indefinitely along the fuse. The plastic itself is unaffected and the only outside effect is a flash of light seen through the tube walls. This therefore is an extremely safe method of propagating a detonation from one place to another. 

---