Proline enzyme reactions, table

The a-ketoacid-dependent enzymes are distinguished from other non-haem iron enzymes by their absolute requirement for an a-ketoacid cofactor as well as Fe(II) and O2 for activity. They catalyse two types of reaction (Table 2.3), hydroxyla-tion and oxidation. In both, the a-ketoglutarate is decarboxylated and one oxygen atom introduced into the succinate formed in the hydroxylases, the other oxygen atom is introduced into the substrate, while in the oxidases it is found in water, together with the cyclized product. In general these enzymes require one equivalent of Fe(II) an a-ketoacid, usually a-ketoglutarate and ascorbate. Examples of these enzymes include proline 4-hydroxylase, prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase, which... 

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