Prokhorov, Aleksandr

Rusaan physicist best known for the development of the maser, the precursor of the laser. In 1955, while working as a research student with Aleksandr Prokhorov (1916-2000) at the SovietAcademy of Sciences, he devised a microwave amplifier based on ammonia molecules. The two scientists shared the 1964 Nobel Prize with American Charles Townes (1915- ), who independently developed a maser. 

US physicist Charles Townes (1915- ) and Soviet physicists Nikolai Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov (1916-2002) independently develop the maser. 

Basov (1922-2001) and Aleksandr Prokhorov (1916-2002), two Russian physicists who independently discovered how to produce continuous output, something that Townes was unable to do. The three were cited for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle [29]. Since that time, many different types of lasers were developed—gas, solid-state, fiber, semiconductor, dye, etc.— and they have found use in hundreds of applications in virtually every field of endeavor such as the military, industry, law enforcement, medicine, entertainment, and basic research [29]. 

Aleksandr M. Prokhorov 1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie... 

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