Programming languages, BASIC FORTRAN

The development of expert systems need not be costly. There are several expert system shells commercially available, and an expert in artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer needed to program them. Simple IF-THEN rules can easily be programmed in more commonly used languages like FORTRAN and BASIC. In fact, the McDonnell Aircraft expert system referred to earilier was programmed in FORTRAN. Cost depends on the number of rules and... 

Years ago, the choice of a programming language was a very simple one. Chemistry was dominate almost entirely by the Fortran language. Today, the choice is mainly made between Fortran, Pascal, and Basic. Because each of them has its own... 

Spread-sheet software has achieved great popularity because of its availability for microcomputers at reasonable cost, the ease of learning and using the software, and its flexible application to many problems. Solutions for many engineering problems can be obtained more rapidly by spread sheet than by writing a language code program, such as FORTRAN or BASIC. 

Models that require internal convergence are best written as subroutines rather than spreadsheets, as more efficient solution algorithms can be used. Most user subroutines are written in FORTRAN or Visual Basic, though some of the simulators allow other programming languages to be used. 

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