Production of Superoxide Ion by Other Methods

Superoxide ion is an important intermediate in the fundamental understanding of the ORR mechanism. This species has significant implications in chemistry and biology. Superoxide ion was initially produced from radiolysis. In a solution containing a large excess of sodium formate saturated with O2, the radiolytic electron flux could reduce O2 to produce O2 [77,78]  

Superoxide ion could be also produced by an electrochemical method in aprotic organic solvents [79-83], in ionic liquid systems (room temperature) [84—87], on organic-compound-coated eleetrode surfaees [88], and on Co-macroeyelic-complex-coated electrodes [89, 90]. The eleetroehemieal response of superoxide ion is reversible in aprotic organic solvents sueh as DMSO, and in ionie liquid systems. 

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