Production from copper carbonate

Nonferrous Metal Production. Nonferrous metal production, which includes the leaching of copper and uranium ores with sulfuric acid, accounts for about 6% of U.S. sulfur consumption and probably about the same in other developed countries. In the case of copper, sulfuric acid is used for the extraction of the metal from deposits, mine dumps, and wastes, in which the copper contents are too low to justify concentration by conventional flotation techniques or the recovery of copper from ores containing copper carbonate and siUcate minerals that caimot be readily treated by flotation (qv) processes. The sulfuric acid required for copper leaching is usually the by-product acid produced by copper smelters (see Metallurgy, extractive Minerals RECOVERY AND PROCESSING). 

Ammonia production from natural gas includes the following processes desulfurization of the feedstock primary and secondary reforming carbon monoxide shift conversion and removal of carbon dioxide, which can be used for urea manufacture methanation and ammonia synthesis. Catalysts used in the process may include cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, iron oxide/chromium oxide, copper oxide/zinc oxide, and iron. 

Preparation. Industrially, cobalt is normally produced as a by-product from the production of copper, nickel and lead. The ore is roasted to form a mixture of metals and metal oxides. Treatment with sulphuric acid leaves metallic copper as a residue and dissolves out iron, cobalt and nickel as the sulphates. Iron is separated by precipitation with lime (CaO) while cobalt is produced as the hydroxide by precipitation with sodium hypochlorite. The trihydroxide Co(OH)3 is heated to form the oxide and then reduced with carbon (as charcoal) to form cobalt metal. 

The composition of bronze artifact corrosion products excavated from several lacustrine sites could be explained in relation to some characteristics of the environment. In one study, a combination of potential pH diagrams for copper and those defining different types of natural soil was used to explain the composition of corrosion products of copper artifacts excavated from different locations. While sulphides are predominant in anaerobic conditions, mostly carbonates are... 

This last reaction (RM) enables us to understand the formation of products containing 3 carbon atoms (glycerol, 1,2-propanediol) from glucitol (sorbitol) but is always in competition with the two other ones (DOH, RC). The ratio of these three reactions, determining the conversion selectivity, depend widely on the copper origin (Raney, deposited on a support, impurities, activation process). So, we studied the influence of additives deposited on Raney copper on these reaction selectivities. 

A second report of organic carbonate production from epoxide and C02 utilizes copper(I) cyanoacetate, Cu(02CCH2CN), as a carrier of activated C02 (158). Reaction of propylene oxide with Cu(02CCH2CN) at 130°C for 10 hours yields propylene carbonate in 83% yield, based on the... 

Predict the products of electrolysis of a solution of copper(n) sulfate if carbon electrodes are used instead of those made from copper as referred to in the purification of copper section. 

Significant microbiologically induced corrosion due to the presence of bacteria in the water is evidenced by saucer-shaped pits, smooth sided pits, bright shiny copper to matte red clean areas. The black deposits, corrosion products from carbon steel, may cause underdeposit corrosion and may cause the failure. Treatment of the water with biocide may minimize microbiologically induced corrosion. 

Fig. 11. Universal Minerals and Metals Inc., simplified flow diagram for production of copper powder from scrap, ammonium carbonate process. Evans (ElO).

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