Process plant design considerations

Buenger, C. W. and Kushner, D. S., 1988, The Sulferox Process—Plant Design Considerations, Proceedings of the Gas Processors Association 67th Annual Convention, pp. 56-62. 

As mentioned earlier the lack of information complicates the safety considerations in preliminary process plant design. Therefore it is important to utilize all the available details that may affect the inherent safety of the plant. To make this possible the inherent safety characteristics should be evaluated systematically during the process design. For this purpose a dedicated methodology for estimating inherent safety by using the scarce information available is required. 

When designing a stone processing plant, careful consideration needs to be given to the complex inter-actions between ... 

Assuming that heat is the chosen method of processing the effluent generated by the bioindustrial process, what design considerations are there for the effluent plant itself ... 

There are a considerable number of sources of material testing data that have been accumulated over the years and are available to process plant designers to assess the most suitable materials selection for a particular plant and operating conditions. However, many of the factors involved in the selection of an optimum choice are subject to variability, and this makes the selection process more complex. 

Here we shall restrict consideration to safety and health considerations that can be built in while the design is developing rather than the detailed hazard and operability studies that take place in the later stages of design. The three major hazards in process plants are fire, explosion, and toxic release. ... 

The gas processing options described in the previous section were designed primarily to meet on-site usage or evacuation specifications. Before delivery to the customer further processing would normally be carried out at dedicated gas processing plants, which may receive gas from many different gas and oil fields. Gas piped to such plants is normally treated to prevent liquid drop out under pipeline conditions (dew point control) but may still contain considerable volumes of natural gas liquids (NGL) and also contaminants. 

The choice of a specific CO2 removal system depends on the overall ammonia plant design and process integration. Important considerations include CO2 sHp required, CO2 partial pressure in the synthesis gas, presence or lack of sulfur, process energy demands, investment cost, availabiUty of solvent, and CO2 recovery requirements. Carbon dioxide is normally recovered for use in the manufacture of urea, in the carbonated beverage industry, or for enhanced oil recovery by miscible flooding. 

Hendershot, D. C. 1987. Safety Considerations in the Design of Batch Processing Plants, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Prevention of Major Chemical Accidents, Center for Chemical Process Safety/AIChE, New York, NY. 

Lutz, W. K. (1995a). Take Chemistry and Physics into Consideration in All Phases of Chemical Plant Design. Process Safety Progress 14, 3 (July), 153-62. 

A wide variety of protective coating types and systems is available for corrosion control on external and internal surfaces of structural and process plant in marine and offshore engineering. These are discussed in detail elsewhere in this text, and the purpose here is to highlight the critical importance of certain design and related operational aspects which affect both the selection and performance of protective coating systems. The following design considerations should be made ... 

Second, it is necessary to take account of non-Newtonian behaviour in the design of process plant and pipelines. Heat and mass transfer coefficients are considerably affected by the behaviour of the fluid, and special attention must be devoted to the selection of appropriate mixing equipment and pumps. 

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