Process generic principles

Process intensification is driven by four generic principles ... 

Speed prior to any discussion of a specific process. If this is not done, each technology appears to have its own set of rules and design algorithms. This unique set for each process diminishes the ability of the reader to use generic principles to compare alternatives and evaluate new approaches as they become available. Once this major division of the approaches has been covered, later chapters describe the specific technologies. 

This is in full agreement with the measurements from Fig. 2.71, which shows that the increase for the period 2000-2005 is about 2.2 ppm yr and that this results in a 0.6% increase based on a total of 370 ppm. Despite its complexity and the fact that it cannot fully understanding single atmospheric processes this approximation shows that nature follows simple generic principles. 

This section briefly reviews prediction of the native structure of a protein from its sequence of amino acid residues alone. These methods can be contrasted to the threading methods for fold assignment [Section II.A] [39-47,147], which detect remote relationships between sequences and folds of known structure, and to comparative modeling methods discussed in this review, which build a complete all-atom 3D model based on a related known structure. The methods for ab initio prediction include those that focus on the broad physical principles of the folding process [148-152] and the methods that focus on predicting the actual native structures of specific proteins [44,153,154,240]. The former frequently rely on extremely simplified generic models of proteins, generally do not aim to predict native structures of specific proteins, and are not reviewed here. 

By far, the largest application of the axial compressor is the aircraft jet engine. The second most common usage is the land-based gas turbine, either the aircraft derivative or generic designed type. In last place of the applications comes the process axial compressor. All principles of operation are exactly the same. About the most obvious difference is that the gas turbine compressor is a higher pressure ratio machine and therefore has more stages. 

Mathematica, Interactive Physics, Spartan, and Odyssey are all available with protocols and content (sometimes from third parties) for subject-specific topics. The learning objectives, however, go beyond those of specific content. Being very different from memorization aids, method-based learning environments have at least the potential to familiarize students with the process and the principles of science. It is precisely the use of a multi-purpose tool that makes students invoke the generic reasoning skills, both qualitatively and quantitatively, that are the hallmark of a scientifically literate mind. Sometimes there is value in using fewer applications for more purposes ... 

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