Process chemical engineering models

As the flow of a reacting fluid through a reactor is a very complex process, idealized chemical engineering models are useful in simplifying the interaction of the flow pattern with the chemical reaction. These interactions take place on different scales, ranging from the macroscopic scale (macromixing) to the microscopic scale (micromixing). 

Jones, A.G., Hostomsky, J. and Waclii, S., 1996. Modelling and analysis of particle formation during agglomerative crystal precipitation processes. Chemical Engineering Communications, 146, 105-130. 

S. Claudel, C. Fonteix, J.P. Leclerc, and H.G. Lintz. Application of the possibility theory to the compartment modelling of flow pattern in industrial processes. Chemical Engineering Science, 58 4005-4016, 2003. 

Jung, A. and Fryer, P.J. (1999). Optimising the quality of safe food Computational modelling of a continuous sterilisation process. Chemical Engineering Science, 54 717-730. 

Some important chemical engineering modelling and simulation fields as well as related activities are briefly presented here. First, we can see that the traditional modelling procedures or computer-aided process engineering cover a much narrower range of modelling tools than those mentioned here. A broader spectrum of... 

Bissett, E.J. and Oh, S.H. PrOx reactor model for fuel cell feedstream processing. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60 (17), 4722. 

Fig. 3.64. UML model of a design process in chemical engineering (modeling environment)...

Chemical Network Problems Solved on NASA/Goddard s Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) Computer Symbolic Computation and Chemical Engineering Model Development An Overall Strategy for the Systematic Synthesis and Optimization of Large-Scale Chemical Processing Systems Synthesis of Solids Processing (Heuristics Selection)... 

The first group of models that is used to describe adsorption onto activated carbon filters are the so-called chemical engineering models. These consider the filter as a chemical reactor, usii the conventional equations for mass and heat transfer to describe the transport processes... 

Espitalier, F., Biscans, B., Authelin, J-R. and Laguerie, C. (1997) Modelling of the mechanism of formation of spherical grains obtained by the quasi-emulsion crystallization process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 75, 251-161. 

The occurrence of a rate process and a thermodynamic equilibrium state is common in chemical engineering models. Thus, certain parts of a whole system may respond so quickly that, for practical purposes, local equilibrium may be... 

Abba, I. A., Grace, J. R., Bi, H. T. (2002). Variable-gas-density fluidized bed reactor model for catalytic processes. Chemical Engineering Science, 57, 4797—4807. Scopus Exact. 

This book addresses one of the most important subjects in chemical engineering— modeling and conservation equations. These constitute the basis of any successful understanding, analysis, design, operation, and optimization of chemical and biochemical processes. The novel system approach used incorporates a unified and systematic way of addressing the subject, thus streamlining this difficult subject into easy-to-follow enjoyable reading. 

Xiong, Q. and Jutan, A., 2002, Grey-box modelling and control of chemical processes. Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 57, 6,1027-1039. 

N. Di Pasquale, D.L. Marchisio, and A.A. Barresi, Model validation for precipitation in solvent-displacement processes. Chemical Engineering Science, 84, 671-683, 2012. 

Figure 1.6 The onion model of process design. A reactor design is needed before the separation ind recycle system can be designed, and so on. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, CkERD, 66 195, 1988 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)...

S. R. Hanna and P. J. Drivas, Guidelines for Use ofUapor Cloud Dispersion Models American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York, 1987. 

W. L. Luyben, Process Modeling, Simulation, and Controlfor Chemical Engineers, McGraw-HiU, Book Co., Inc., New York, 1973. 

Scale- Up of Electrochemical Reactors. The intermediate scale of the pilot plant is frequendy used in the scale-up of an electrochemical reactor or process to full scale. Dimensional analysis (qv) has been used in chemical engineering scale-up to simplify and generalize a multivariant system, and may be appHed to electrochemical systems, but has shown limitations. It is best used in conjunction with mathematical models. Scale-up often involves seeking a few critical parameters. Eor electrochemical cells, these parameters are generally current distribution and cell resistance. The characteristics of electrolytic process scale-up have been described (63—65). 

In the chemical engineering domain, neural nets have been appHed to a variety of problems. Examples include diagnosis (66,67), process modeling (68,69), process control (70,71), and data interpretation (72,73). Industrial appHcation areas include distillation column operation (74), fluidized-bed combustion (75), petroleum refining (76), and composites manufacture (77). 

Measurement Error Uncertainty in the interpretation of unit performance results from statistical errors in the measurements, low levels of process understanding, and differences in unit and modeled performance (Frey, H.C., and E. Rubin, Evaluate Uncertainties in Advanced Process Technologies, Chemical Engineering Progress, May 1992, 63-70). It is difficult to determine which measurements will provide the most insight into unit performance. A necessary first step is the understanding of the measurement errors hkely to be encountered. 

Verneuil et al. (Verneuil, V.S., P. Yan, and F. Madron, Banish Bad Plant Data, Chemical Engineering Progress, October 1992, 45-51) emphasize the importance of proper model development. Systematic errors result not only from the measurements but also from the model used to analyze the measurements. Advanced methods of measurement processing will not substitute for accurate measurements. If highly nonlinear models (e.g., Cropley s kinetic model or typical distillation models) are used to analyze unit measurements and estimate parameters, the Hkelihood for arriving at erroneous models increases. Consequently, resultant models should be treated as approximations. 

Source J. D. Seader, Computer Modeling of Chemical Processes, AIChE Monograph Series, 15, Vol. 81. Reproduced with permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Copyright 1985 AIChE. All rights reserved. 

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