Problem solving interpretation consideration

It is to be especially emphasized that problems relating to choice among various alternative structures are usually not solved directly by the application of the rules resulting from the quantum mechanics nevertheless, the interpretation of valence in terms of quantities derived from the consideration of simpler phenomena and susceptible to accurate mathematical investigation by known methods now makes it possible to attack them with a fair assurance of success in many cases. 

One system with (SCC13)2 as the acceptor has been studied. In 22, the NMR spectra can be interpreted in terms of a Case 3 system (Sect. II-E) with the steric barrier and the C—N barrier both being ca. 14 kcal/mol, and the ir barrier considerably higher. The C—N rotation and the passage past the steric barrier may in that case be correlated. This problem could probably be solved by a combined H and, 3C NMR study. 

In fact, it is probably fair to say that very few problems involving real momentum, heat, and mass flow can be solved by mathematical analysis alone. The solution to many practical problems is achieved using a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental data. Thus engineers working on chemical and biochemical engineering problems should be familiar with the experimental approach to these problems. They have to interpret and make use of the data obtained from others and have to be able to plan and execute the strictly necessary experiments in their ovm laboratories. In this chapter, we show some techniques and ideas which are important in the planning and execution of chemical and biochemical experimental research. The basic considerations of dimensional analysis and similitude theory are also used in order to help the engineer to understand and correlate the data that have been obtained by other researchers. 

Many technical problems that may be encountered, say, with a new thermoplastic, will already have been met and solved with polymers, like rubber, that have been in the marketplace for a comparatively long time. It is not often possible to recognize and use such parallels, however, if the parameters of the molecular weight distributions in the different cases are not measured in the same units. This results in much unnecessary rediscovery of old answers, and the engineer or scientist who can interpret both Mooney and melt index values in terms of statistical parameters of the molecular weight distributions of the respective rubber and thermoplastic may save considerable time and efl ort. 

Other factors, of course, come into play in an actual plating bath. For example, plating from an acid bath takes place at around 0.3 V, NHE, whereas in a cyanide bath, copper is deposited at a much more negative potential. The former occurs at a positive rational potential, while the latter occurs at a negative rational potential. This affects the choice of additives and their adsorption characteristics. Also, the values of ( ) and d( ) /d( ) may be different in the two cases. The foregoing example is not intended to be a quantitative interpretation of the benefits of cyanide baths, but rather an illustration of how considerations of a rather fundamental nature can assist in solving applied problems. 

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