Probenecid structure

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR, Proquin XR) [Antibiotic/ Fluoroquinolone] Uses Rx lower resp tract, sinuses, skin skin structure, bone/joints, urinary tract Infxns including prostatitis Action Quinolone antibiotic DNA gyrase Dose Adults. 250-750 mg PO ql2h XR 500-1000 mg PO q24h or 200-400 mg IV ql2h in renal impair Caution [C, /-] Children <18 y Contra Component sensitivity Disp Tabs, susp, inj SE Restlessness, N/V/D, rash, ruptured tendons, T LFTs Interactions T Effects Wf probenecid T effects OF diazepam, theophylline, caffeine, metoprolol, propranolol, phenytoin, warfarin effects W/ antacids, didanosine, Fe salts. Mg, sucralfate, Na bicarbonate,... 

Sulfinpyrazone is structurally related to phenylbutazone and acts like probenecid. It is a potent uricosuric, though it can cause serious gastrointestinal upsets. 

The first compound to arouse interest in the laboratory is the sulfamyl derivative of p-aminobenzoic acid. This was followed by carinamide, which was found to produce high plasma levels of penicillin for long periods of time even when relatively low doses of the antibiotic were administered orally. Probenecid, a structural modification of carinamide, was much more potent on a weight basis and on a dosage basis practical for oral administration. In fact, the combination of penicillin and probenecid was a practical oral formulation and was widely used for the treatment of infections until the costs and availability of penicillin were no longer factors and the better orally active penicillins became available. 

Probenecid is a highly lipid-soluble benzoic acid derivative (pK. 3.4 with the following structure ... 

A procedure for the determination of diuretics of different therapeutical character high (bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide), intermediate (bendroflumethiazide, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, xipamide) and low (acetazolamide, amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene) efficacy diuretics, and the uricosuric agent probenecid, in urine samples, illustrates a method development implying the control of pH, surfactant and modifier [23]. The greatest analytical problems in the detection of these compounds are basically their wide variety of chemical structures, functional groups and protonation constants. This implies the use of several experimental conditions for their analysis with conventional aqueous-organic mobile phases and laborious liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extraction prior to chromatographic separation. In contrast, the same micellar eluent can produce a satisfactory separation after direct injection. 

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