Probe molecules surface mapping with

Mapping the Surface with Probe Molecules Past and Present. 355... 

Experimental approaches to bioelectrochemical systems include other techniques which introduce new environments for interfacial bioelectrochemical function. Introduction of single-crystal, atomically planar electrode surfaces has opened a basis for the use of the scanning probe microscopies, STM and AFM, also for biological macromolecules. Importantly this extends to the electrochemical STM mode where electrochemical surfaces, adsorbate molecules, and now also biological macromolecules can be mapped directly in their natural aqueous environment, with full electrochemical potential control in situ STM and... 

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