Principles of fluorescence

Lakowioz J R 1983 Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy (New York Plenum) oh 3... 

The principle of fluorescent whitening was described in 1929 (1), but the industrial use of FWAs began about 10 years later. Since that time FWAs have found increasing use in the most diverse fields (2—5). The toxicological properties of fluorescent whiteners have been summarized (6). Commercial products investigated thus fat have been found to be completely harmless. Mote than 2000 patents for FWAs exist, there ate several hundred commercial products, and approximately one hundred producers and distributors. 

J. R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Plenum Press, New York, 1983. 

Detection is primarily based on the principle of fluorescence quenching by substances absorbing UV light. It is also possible to detect certain substances whose absorption wavelengths interfere with the uranyl cation [1]. 

Lakowicz, J.R., Principles of Fluorescence Science, 2nd ed., Kluwer Academic/Ple-num, New York, 1999. 

Lokowicz JR (1983) Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy. Plenum, New York... 

Valeur B., Leray I., Design principles of fluorescent molecular sensors for cation recognition, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000 205 3. 

Lakowicz I.R., Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 1999, 298. 

B. Valeur, Principles of fluorescent probe design for ion recognition In Topics in Rwrescence Spectroscopy. Vol 4. Probe Design and Chemical Sensing (Ed. J.R. Lakowicz), Plenum, New York, 1994, pp 21-48. 

Lakowicz JR (2006) Mechanisms and dynamics of fluorescence quenching, Chapter 9. In Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy, 3rd edn. Springer, New York... 

A collection of corrected excitation and emission spectra can be found in Miller J. N. (Ed.) (1981) Standards for Fluorescence Spectrometry, Chapman and Hall, London. Corrected emission spectra can also be found in Appendix 1 of Lakowicz J. R. (1999) Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York. 

Valeur B. (1994) Principles of Fluorescent Probes Design for Ion Recognition, in J. R. Lakowicz (Ed.), Probe Design and Chemical Sensing, Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Vol. 4, Plenum, New York, pp. 21-48. 

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