Principles and Machinery for Yarn Production

Staple fiber yarns can be produced from natural fibers (Section 2.1) as well as from chemical fibers cut to staple length (Section 2.2). In contrast to the chemical fibers, which can be manufactured industrially in almost every desirable length and shape, the various natural fibers are available only in specific lengths, titers, and cross sections, and with specific crimp and stress-strain behavior depending on their type and origin. 

The development of spinning processes was based on these characteristics. This is another reason that the properties of chemical fibers are often adjusted to those of natural fibers so they can be mixed or blended and also processed on conventional 

German technical terms used in spinning are explained in the German standards DIN 60001,DIN 60900,DIN 60905, and DIN 60910. For further explanations about spinning, see also Hormes et al (1991) and Klein (2008a-f). 

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