Principles and Goals

In the semiconductor industry cleanliness is an absolute requirement. Even small traces of contaminants can cause modification of the structure of the wafer surface area. Cleaning processes employing ozone in the chip production have been in use since the late 80 s. Interest continues to grow as modifications and new methods are developed. 

The requirement for an efficient cleaning process is the removal of all contaminants which would effect the functionality or reliability of elements. Possible contaminants can be divided into the following groups  

Every wafer processing step is a potential source of contamination, each step with its specific type of contaminant. This means that an efficient cleaning process consists of several cleaning steps in order to remove all contamination from the crystal. 

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The principles and goals of ozone application in both types of three-phase systems are discussed in Section B 6.3.1. Since mass transfer may decisively influence the oxidation outcome in these complex systems, their additional resistances and effects on mass transfer is also discussed in detail in this section. In doing so, the gas/water/solvent system is used as an example for both types of system, leaving the reader to adapt the principles to the gas/ waler/solid systems by him- or herself. Examples of ozone application in both types of three-phase systems are then presented (Section B 6.3.2), with emphasis on their goals, as well us technical advantages and disadvantages, while Section B 6.3.3 provides useful advise for experimentation with three-phase systems. 

The desired outcome for bipolar disorder is to alleviate or shorten the duration of an acute manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode, to maintain good functioning, and to prevent further cycles of mania or depression. The general principles and goals for the management of bipolar disorder are found in Table 68-5. 

The hierarchy of waste management techniques has prevention as the most desirable option ahead of minimisation, recycling and, as the least desirable option, disposal. The term cleaner production embraces principles and goals that fall comfortably within the waste prevention-minimisation range. It has been described within the United Nations Environmental Programme as ... 

So, in conclusion, in patients with ventilatory impairment, NIV is a very efficient technique in respiratory management however, in the majority of the cases, secretions are excessive and NIV alone is likely to fail. The role of respiratory physiotherapy in these cases is crucial and should be based on the principles and goals of intervention described in this chapter to permit an efficient treatment while the patient is hospitalized, and prevent hospitalizations when the patient is at home, where family members must be trained to provide the treatment and maintain the achievement of the therapeutic goals, and therefore maximize the potential of pulmonary rehabilitation. 

Let us start by reviewing the principles and goals of Lean and SCM and comparing them with each other. For SCM we have ... 

If we put the SCM and Lean principles and goals side by side, we find a dynamic synergy of opportunity. SCM is the big picture environment that requires integration and optimization, whereas Lean is the optimizer that offers the tools that will accomplish the optimization. The accompanying table illustrates the obvious fit between the two environments. 

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