Primary granules

Gilligan HM, Bredy B, Brady HR, Hebert MJ, Slayter HS, Xu Y, Rauch J, Shia MA, Koh JS, Levine JS. Antineutrophil cytoplasmatic autoantibodies interact with primary granule constituents on the surface of apoptotic neutrophils in the absence of neutrophil priming. J Exp Med 1996 184 2231-2241. 

Elimination of the screen (10). Since only approximately lO o of fines (mostly leakage from the rollers of the compactor (8)) is separated, this screen (10) may be eliminated. However, the crusher screen (13) or primary granulator (22)—see modification 4 below—may be less effective. 

Addition of primary granulator. If the yield of granular product must be optimized the reduction ratio in a mill or crusher should be minimized. To accomplish this, a primary granulator (22) is installed between the screen (10) and bucket elevator (12). 

Improved sharpness of product particle size distribution and optimization of yield. Particularly if the primary granulator (22) has been installed in the... 

L Auer rods are abnormal lysosomes (primary granules) that are pathognomonic of myeloblasts and not found in ALL. 

Fig. 107. Elongated primary granule in an alveolar macrophage from a 250 g female white rat (breeder Winkelmann, Borchen-Kirchborchen). Fixed under methitural anaesthesia by intratracheal instillation of 2.5 % glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) before opening the thorax. Postfixation with 1 % osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Contrasted en bloc for 12 h with 0.5 % uranyl acetate in 70 % ethanol. Embedded in a 2 8 mixture of methyl and butyl methacrylate. Sectioned at 50 nm. Lead citrate after Reynolds (1963). Plates 13/11 and 13/12...

The fate of most, if not all, of the primary granules is fusion with phagosomes to form a secondary lysosome. 

In HL-60 cells, the peroxidase reaction was observed in the nuclear envelope, primary granules, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body (Mikami et al. 1998). 

Secondly, in neutrophils and monocytes the oxidizing potential of H2O2 is greatly enhanced by the primary granule enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which utilizes H2O2 to oxidize chloride ions to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). 

In patients with smaU-vessel vasculitis, the two major autoantigen specificities for ANCAs are for MPO-ANCA (26) and PR3-ANCA (27- 30). MPO and PR3 are enzymes in the primary granules of neutrophils and the lysosomes of monocytes. As discussed in detail later, ANCAs can interact with MPO or PR3 and cause activation of neutrophils and monocytes, which appears to be a primary event in the pathogenesis of vasculitis in patients with ANCAs (30). 

Uses Suspending agent for mfg. of suspension PVC sec, dispersant, stabilizer for primary granulating system... 

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