Pretreatment wiping

A dispersion of graphite in ceresin wax has been suggested as a way to prepare an electrode suitable for use in nonaqueous solvents. The hot paste is tamped into a Teflon tube and allowed to solidify. No pretreatment is necessary, and the surface can be renewed by wiping with cellulose tissue. 

Check pretreatment process use clean solvent and wiping rags. Wiping rags must not be made from synthetic fiber. Make sure cleaned parts are not touched before bonding. Cover stored parts to prevent dust from settling on them Replace resin. Check solids content. Clean resin tank Check for distortion correct or discard distorted components. If distorted components must be used, try adhesive with better gap-filling properties... 

Electrode pretreatment is critical for consistent results, so all electrodes were prepared in an identical manner before each experiment. The platinum surface was polished on a felt pad with 0.05 micron alumina and water. The surface was then rinsed with deionized water, wiped dry with a tissue, and the experiment begun as quickly as possible. 

The bark EO of Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (Asteraceae) exhibited potent antinociceptive activities. The topical pretreatment with the EO at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg decreased the symptoms of both phases of the formalin test. It also decreased the number of eye wipes induced by 5 M NaCl solution, topically applied. The oral application of the EO also reduced the number of eye wipes (Inocencio et al., 2014). Maham et al. (2014) evaluated the antinociceptive effects of the EO of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Asteraceae). It showed signi cant reduction of pain on both phases of the formalin test by 91.4% and 83.3%, respectively. Also in the hot plate test, the EO showed good analgesic activity. The EO of Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun and Asch. (Asteraceae) was also tested for its antinociceptive effects using the hot plate test. The EO showed signi cant reduction of pain induced by hot plate (Zhang et al., 2013). 

The simplest type of surface pretreatment for aluminum or any metal is to solvent-wipe or vapor-degrease the as received metal. This will obviously remove most kinds of loosely adhering dust or dirt or other atmospheric deposits as well as organic greases, lubricants, and... 

Pretreatment of the Titration Medium - Check whether both electrode couples are scrupulously clean, In particular the detection electrodes If necessary, clean them with a cleaning powder and wipe with tissue paper. Check also whether the generator electrode Is still thick enough (at least 2 mm). 

Substrate surfaces are frequently contaminated with oils, greases, etc. and a common pretreatment is degreasing either with steam, or by wiping the surface with solvent-dipped clean cloths, or most effectively in liquid and vapour degreasing baths, possibly using an ultrasonic agitator. Commonly used solvents are 1,1,1-trichloroethane or perchloroethylene, and they should be checked periodically for the formation of corrosive acid. 

The process is not as efficient as vapor rinse, solvent wipe, immersion, or spray, but it is suitable for many surface preparation applications and pretreatments. One or a combination of these techniques may be used. A large number of solvents are recommended. Solvent wiping is the most portable and versatile of these methods, but is also the least controllable. There is always a danger of incomplete removal of soil, and spreading of soil in a uniform manner, causing its presence not to be readily visible, and contamination of a surface with unclean wiping materials. 

Pretreatment of the surface is simpler than with solid electrodes, consisting of only wiping off excess paste and smoothing on a wet filter paper. Teflon, or glass sheet to provide similar conditions of the surface (mainly similar roughness) for comparable measurements. 

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