Preparation of immunogens

Immunization is largely empirical and may be influenced by many factors (Table 5.1). The consistency in the quality of the antisera 

Factors determining the antibody response (and Sections of discussion) Immunogen 

First or subsequent contact with immunogen (5.1.1 5.4.4) aflinity of receptors on both T and B cells and relative quantities of THand Ts cells (5.1.2 5.1.4) possibility of tolerance (5.1.5) response maturation (5.2.1). 

species, health condition (5.1.2) genetic composition (5.1.3) immunogenic experience with related substances (5.1.4). 

It is impossible to discuss in some detail the preparation of immunogens in this limited space. Moreover, most investigators are familiar with the purification of the immunogens of their interest. Some general, excellent treatises were edited by Williams and Chase (1967) and Sela (1973-1982). Some characteristics of immunogenic preparations should, nevertheless, be stressed here. 

---

Friede, M., Van Regenmortel, M.H.V., and Schuber, F. (1993) Lyophilized liposomes as shelf items for the preparation of immunogenic liposome-peptide conjugates. Anal. Biochem. 211, 117-122. 

Kitagawa, T., Kawasaki, T., and Munechika, H. (1982) Enzyme immunoassay of blasticidin S with high sensitivity a new and convenient method for preparation of immunogenic (hapten-protein) conjugates. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 92, 585-590. 

Because of the volume of material that must be included in describing the medicinal chemistry of these alkaloids, it is necessary to limit the scope of this chapter. The preparation of immunogens used in the production of antibodies for radioimmunoassay is not described, nor is the chemistry associated with the individual monomer units, vindoline or velban-amine (except as requisite starting materials for the preparation of dimers ). 

Very detailed and helpful techniques dealing with the preparation of immunogens for immunization and the use of various vehicles and methods for immunization are presented in Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Volume 1, and in the Handbook of Experimental Immunology. ... 

A. Preparation of immunogens for the production of anti-hapten antibodies Arsanilic acid and A- 4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid are diazotized and coupled to KLH (0.05 mmol/100 mg) and to BSA (0.1 mmol/100 mg), respectively, according to the method given in Table 12.4. These preparations are used for the production of antibodies which can be purified by the methods given in Section 7. 

---