Preparation of Graphene

In the bottom-up category, chemical vapor deposition [CVD] is the most used technique, since it can produce large area graphene sheets, with lateral dimensions up to several centimeters and with controlled number of graphene layers. While graphene 

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Xu, W., et ah, Low-temperature plasma-assisted preparation of graphene supported palladium nanoparticles with high hydrodesulfurization activity. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012. 22(29) p. 14363-14368. 

Wang, P., et al., A one-pot method for the preparation of graphene-Bi2Mo06 hybrid photocatalysts that are responsive to visible-light and have excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organic pollutants. Carbon, 2012. 50(14) p. 5256-5264. 

Posudievsky OY, Khazieieva OA, Koshechko VG, Pokhodenko VD. Preparation of graphene oxide by solvent-free mechanochemical oxidation of graphite. J Mater Chem 2012 22 12465-7. 

Yue, W, Lin, Z., Jiang, S., and Yang, X. [2012]. Preparation of graphene-encapsulated mesoporous metal oxides and their application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, /. Mater. Chem., 22, pp. 16318-16323. 

This is a very common method for the preparation of graphene/conjugated polymer nanocomposites. In a typical synthetic procedure, surface-modified graphene or GO can be dispersed in acidic water and /or surfactant solution followed by the addition of monomer. It was then stirred obeying a certain conditions to disperse filler in the solvent and monomer homogeneously. Finally, the initiator (generally peroxides are used as initiator) is added to initiate the polymerization reaction at a certain temperature. Aniline, pyrrole, thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, etc. can be polymerized by this method [73-80]. 

Davies et al. showed an alternative approach for the preparation of graphene-based flexible electrode by pulsed electropolymerization... 

Figure 10.4 Schematic diagram of the preparation of graphene and noncovalent functionali2ation of graphene. Reprinted from [131] Copyright 2011, with permission from Elsevier.

Abdelkader, A.M., Kinloch, I.A., and Dryfe, R.A.W. (2014) High-yield electro-oxidative preparation of graphene oxide. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge, UK). 

Scheme 17 Preparation of graphene-type structures via the Diels-Alder/dehydrogenation...

Scheme 48 Preparation of graphene nanoribbons on a surface. Reprinted with permission from Blankenburg et al. [117], Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society...

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