Predefined multiplier

In this example, the designer may instantiate a predefined multiplier as follows. 

In the prospective context, a common and simple way to handle uncertainty is the use of uncertainty factors (UFs). These may suffice to derive a safe concentration of a substance associated to a predefined protection level to be used generically — that is, it is safe even in worst-case conditions. The greater the uncertainty in models or data for the extrapolations, the larger the overall UF in the lower tiers. The UF is applied to the risk assessment to account for unquantified uncertainties. In some cases, the factor depends on the amount of available data, or UFs per extrapolation are multiplied to provide the final factor (e.g., 10 x 10 x 10 as the UF for 3 assessment steps yields an overall factor of 1000). 

The simulation results in which Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of PAPR are shown in Fig. 5. D=1 is when no classification is done. D=2 is the case when symbols are classified in two classes, higher valued (PAPR>4) in class A and lower valued in class B, and class A symbols are multiplied by a fixed phase sequence. D=4 is when we segregate the data in four classes and symbol is multiplied by the predefined phase sequence to have minimum PAPR among the four mappings. 

Determine the actual liquid flow rate by multiplying the ratio with a predefined factor. 

To circumvent this difficulty we constrain the polymer density at Ro to equal a predefined value (jPp (crossing criterion) via a Lagrange multiplier W ... 

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