Powers multiplying them

Anti-organism power multipliers are based on technologies designed to harm humans, farm animals, or cultivars, whether during offensive, defensive, or calm situations. Although the new generation of these power multipliers is characterized by nonlethal (or sublethal) weaponry, some of them are distinctively lethal. 

The reaction quotient, Q, is a quotient formed by writing the activities of the products in the numerator and the activities of the reactants in the denominator, with the activity of each reactant or product raised to a power equal to the corresponding coefficient from the balanced equation. In both the numerator and the denominator, the activities (with each raised to the appropriate power) are combined by multiplying them. For example, for the reaction... 

Hereunto I may add, in conclusion, that one work is developed from another. First, our Matter should be carefully purified, then dissolved, destroyed, decomposed, and reduced to dust and ashes. Thereupon prepare from it a volatile spirit, which is white as snow, and another volatile spirit, which is red as blood. These two spirits contain a third, and are yet but one spirit. Now these are the three spirits which preserve and multiply life. Therefore unite them, give them the meat and drink that Nature requires, and keep them in a warm chamber until the perfect birth takes place. Then you will see and experience the virtue of the gift bestowed upon you by God and Nature. Know, also, that hitherto my lips have not revealed this secret to any one, and that God has endowed natural substances with greater powers than most men are ready to believe. Upon my mouth God has set a seal, that there might be scope for others after me to write about the wonderful things of Nature, which by the foolish are looked upon as unnatural. For they do not understand that all things... 

Now the problem has multiplication, a power, and the power has a multiplication in it. Multiply the two numbers in the power. You don t see a grouping symbol around those two numbers, but it s implied — you have to combine them into one number before raising what s in the parentheses to the power. (Use a calculator — unless you want to drive yourself crazy.) Then, for the last step, multiply by the number in front. 

To multiply two numbers, put them both in standard scientific notation. Then multiply the two lefthand factors by ordinary multiplication, and multiply the two righthand factors (powers of 10) by the multiplication law for exponents — that is, by adding their exponents. 

The voltages developed by individual electrochemical cells are small, typically in the range 1-2 Y and for them to constitute useful power sources they must be connected in series so that the voltage is multiplied by the number of cells, and in parallel to increase current availability. 

Chemistry is necessarily an experimental science for as facts are the data from which its conclusions are drawn, and the evidence by which its principles are supported, a constant appeal to them is necessary... Hence the importance of multiplying facts by every means in our power whilst engaged in the pursuit of this science. 

The numbers characteristic of scientific measurements are often very large or very small thus it is convenient to express them by using powers of 10. For example, the number 1,300,000 can be expressed as 1.3 X 106, which means multiply 1.3 by 10 six times ... 

The thermal diffusion factor a is proportional to the mass difference, (mi — mo)/(mi + m2). The thermal diffusion process depends on the transport of momentum in collisions between unlike molecules. The momentum transport vanishes for Maxwellian molecules, particles which repel one another with a force which falls off as the inverse fifth power of the distance between them. If the repulsive force between the molecules falls off more rapidly than the fifth power of the distance, then the light molecule will concentrate in the high temperature region of the space, while the heavy molecule concentrates in the cold temperature region. When the force law falls off less rapidly than the fifth power of the distance, then the thermal diffusion separation occurs in the opposite sense. The theory of the thermal diffusion factor a is as yet incomplete even for classical molecules. A summary of the theory has been given by Jones and Furry 15) and by Hirschfelder, Curtiss, and Bird 14), Since the thermal diffusion factor a for isotope mixtures is small, of the order of 10", it remained for Clusius and Dickel (8) to develop an elegant countercurrent system which could multiply the elementary effect. 

We can calculate the vertical (e.g., cross isopycnal) molar- and electron-equivalent gradients as a function of depth and use them as a constraint for proposed reactions. The approach used was first to calculate the vertical molar depth gradients (moles per liter per meter equals moles per meter to the fourth power) and then to multiply those gradients by the number of electrons required for the appropriate redox reactions see Table I). These gradients were calculated against depth rather than density because depth is the traditional unit for gradients. If the gradients are divided by the density, their... 

AA is the difference in wavelength between two spectral lines of equal intensity. Two peaks are considered resolved if the distance between them is such that the maximum of one falls on the first minimum of the other. Atomic emission apparatus have resolving powers in the order of 30 000 rising to 100 000. The use of a too wide exit slit (bandwidth arriving on the photo-multiplier tube) reduces the resolving power of the spectrometer. 

Usually the required transition probabilities are not very well known. For this reason, as a first approximation, we set them all equal to a certain number, which will be later multiplied by an appropriate factor. With progressive reaction, the transition matrix rises to a certain power. We find the coefficients then directly in the first row of the matrix. These coefficients refer to the probability that the reaction has been taken place, e.g., from compound (1) to compound (n) and these coefficients are to be weighted. If we raise this matrix to a sufficiently large power, then we approximate the equilibrium state. All elements in the first line become then equivalently large. The weighting factors for the probabilities are chosen now in this way that in equilibrium the correct concentrations will turn out. 

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