Potassium permanganate number

Chakactkrisation of Unsaturatkd Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Unlike the saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid and exhibit characteristic reactions with dUute potassium permanganate solution and with bromine. Nevertheless, no satisfactory derivatives have yet been developed for these hydrocarbons, and their characterisation must therefore be based upon a determination of their physical properties (boiling point, density and refractive index). The physical properties of a number of selected unsaturated hydrocarbons are collected in Table 111,11. 

Oxidation of aldehydes (Section 17 15) Aldehydes are particularly sensitive to oxidation and are converted to carboxylic acids by a number of oxidizing agents in eluding potassium permanganate and chromic acid... 

Two oxidants commonly used are chlorine and potassium permanganate. The Roe chlorine number, the uptake of gaseous chlorine by a known weight of unbleached pulp (ie. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPl) Standard Method T202 ts-66) has been superseded by the simpler hypo number (ie, TAPPl Official Test Method T253 om-86), eg, chlorine consumption in treatment of the pulp with acidified sodium or calcium hypochlorite. 

The density of the alkaU metal permanganate salts increases with the atomic number of the Group 1 (IA) cation, whereas the corresponding aqueous solubihty decreases (106). At room temperature aqueous solubiUty decreases from about 900 g/L for NaMnO to 60 g/L for KMnO, and to 2.5 g/L for CsMnO. The solubihty of potassium permanganate in water as a function of temperature is as follows ... 

Fig. 7. Solubihty of potassium permanganate, in g/L, in water and aqueous potassium hydroxide. Numbers represent KOH concentration in normality. Solubihty can be approximated by the equation log(sol MnO, g/L) = 1.288 + 0.016 T — 0.108 N where Tis temperature in °C and N is the KOH...

Trifluoroacetic acid is a useful medium for a number of oxidation reactions It IS highly resistant to strong oxidants, even to permanganates and chromates For instance, various alkanes, cycloalkanes, and arenes can be oxidized degradatively by potassium permanganate in trifluoroacetic acid under mild conditions [28]... 

Tliis methodology has also been extended to the use of liquid methylamine/ potassium permanganate (LMA/PP system). When this system is applied to a number of 3-nitro-l,8-naphthyridines (92a-92g), the C-4 position could be successfully substituted by methylamino group yielding 93a-93f. Tire intermediary 4-methylamino-[Pg.305]

Braun [22] showed from ozonolysis that for fractions of bulk PVC the number of internal double bonds and the rate of thermal degradation, although dependent on each other, were independent of the molecular weight. This clearly demonstrated the role of internal unsaturation on the stability of the polymer. After careful chlorination of the double bonds, an increase in thermal stability was observed and the number of double bonds as determined by oxidation with potassium permanganate were reduced. It was also shown that one polyene sequence was formed from each isolated double bond. 

Calculation. It is evident from the equation given above that if the weight of arsenic(III) oxide is divided by the number of millilitres of potassium permanganate solution to which it is equivalent, as found by titration, we have the weight of primary standard equivalent to 1 mL of the permanganate solution. 

The equivalent of an oxidising agent is determined by the change in oxidation number which the reduced element experiences. It is the quantity of oxidant which involves a change of one unit in the oxidation number. Thus in the normal reduction of potassium permanganate in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid to an Mn(II) salt ... 

A great number of transformations has been performed on narceine imide (116) by Czech researchers. Oxidation with potassium permanganate in acetone or with nitric acid caused the cleavage of the alkaloid, giving rise to hemipinic imide (127). A similar result was noted by Rdnsch (129,130) during Lemieux-Johnson oxidation of ene lactam 152 (129,130) in this reaction the basic component (156) was isolated as well. The use of hydrogen peroxide in acetone converted 116 to (Z)-narceine imide N-oxide, which under the action of acetic anhydride underwent N-dealkylation (135). 

In batch kinetic tests, Yan and Schwartz (1999) investigated the oxidative treatment of chlorinated ethylenes in groundwater using potassium permanganate. 1,1-Dichloroethylene reacted more quickly than cis- and /ra/ 5-l, 2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. The reaction rate decreased with an increasing number of chlorine substituents. The pseudo-first-order rate constant and half-life for oxidative degradation (mineralization) of 1,1-dichloroethyene were 2.38 x 10 Vsec and 4.9 min, respectively. 

First, the number of moles of potassium permanganate in the diluted solution must be determined ... 

For 2003, 64 Governments reported imports of acetic anhydride and 73 reported imports of potassium permanganate. The number of Governments reporting licit requirements for acetic anhydride and potassium permanganate was also high. 

Tropolone itself can be prepared in a number of ways, the most convenient of which involves oxidation of 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene with alkaline potassium permanganate. The yield is low but the product is isolated readily as the cupric salt ... 

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