Potassium hydroxide alkalizer

Isolation of the products is accomplished by decomposition with sodium potassium tartrate [576], by water and dilute sodium hydroxide [727], or by successive treatment with 6n sulfuric acid followed by alkalization with potassium hydroxide [787]. 

To a solution of 3.65 g (0.03mol) of p-aminobenzylamine in 60g (0.45mol) of 50% aqueous hypophosphorous acid placed in a 200 ml flask 50 ml of water is added and the mixture is cooled to 5°. With stirring, a solution of 2.3 g (0.033 mol) of sodium nitrite in 10 ml of water is added dropwise over a period of 10-15 minutes. The mixture is stirred for a half-hour at 5° and allowed to come to room temperature and to stand for about 4 hours. After strong alkalization with sodium hydroxide the product is obtained by continuous extraction with ether, drying of the extract with potassium hydroxide, and distillation. The yield of benzylamine is 2.67 g (84%), b.p. 181-183°. 

Crystalline nitrogen triiodide can be prepared by reaction of aqueous iodine monochloride (ICl) alkalized by potassium hydroxide with aqueous ammonia. On cooling, nitrogen triiodide forms as blackish-brown shiny needles, up to 2 mm long [54, 66], Nitrogen triiodide is also formed by addition of ammonia to alkaline solutions of potassium hypoiodite (KIO) [54]. Other iodizing agents such as iodine monobromides or dibromoiodides can be used as well [46]. 

Aurous acetylide does not form when passing acetylene through an aqueous solution of auric chloride. Instead metallic gold precipitates. Precipitation does not occur when introducing acetylene into a solution of auric chloride alkalized by potassium hydroxide nor into aqueous or ammoniacal solutions of potassium auric cyanide [67]. Unwanted formation of aurous acetylide has been reported during preparation of some alkynylgold(I) complexes [68]. 

Potassium cyanide solution (POISON) after first alkalizing the test solution with sodium hydroxide and adding potassium cyanide, thiocyanate ions are formed on boiling ... 

Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of mono and polyphosphoric acids, incl. such salts when alkalized with sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate... 

Currently, most cocoa powders are produced by the so-called Dutch or alkalized process, in which the nib is treated with a warm aqueous solution of up to three parts of anhydrous potassium carbonate to 100 parts of nib (or equivalent amounts of other alkalis such as potassium bicarbonate and hydroxide carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides of sodium, magnesium, and ammonium or their combinations). After the alkali is completely absorbed, the nib is processed as in the above method to yield alkalized cocoa powder. Alkalized cocoa is considered to have improved dispersibility, color, and flavor over unalkalized cocoa. 

Selective etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of 1,3-dihydroxy-lO-methyl-acridone (19) with excess bromoacetaldehyde diethylacetal in dry dimethylformamide, either by use of sodium hydride at 120"C in a bomb, or in the presence of potassium carbonate at 100°C under nitrogen, afforded 3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)- -hydroxy-10-methylacridone (314). Cyclodehydration of 314 by refluxing in a mixture of dioxane and dilute aqueous sulfuric acid, followed by alkalization by addition of sodium hydroxide and heating, gave the desired furacridone (26), accompanied by smaller amounts of the linear isomer, isofuracridone (315) 330). 

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