Posterior lateral nasal

The sphenopalatine ganglion (I) of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve gives rise to branches that mediate most common chemical sensations in the nose. Important branches include the posterior palatine nerve (2), the middle palatine nerve (S), the nasopalatine nerve (4,5), posterior-superior lateral nasal nerve (8), and the anterior palatine nerve (9). The lateral nasal nerve (6) is derived from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, The olfactory nerve (7) innervates only a relatively small portion... 

The nasal septum is supplied posteriorly by the sphenopalatine artery, superiorly by the anterior ethmoid artery, and antero-inferiorly by the superior labial branch of the facial artery. In addition, the inferior and lateral walls of the nasal cavity are supplied by the palatine and ethmoid artery, respectively, whereas the remainder of the blood supply to the nasal cavity comes from the sphenopalatine artery. 

The upper respiratory tract, particularly the nose, has a unique anatomy that performs normal physiologic functions as well as innate defense against inhaled toxicants. The nose extends from the nostrils to the pharynx. Inspired air enters the nose through the nostrils. The nasal cavity is divided longitudinally by a septum into two nasal compartments. In most mammalian species, each nasal cavity is divided into a dorsal, ventral, and middle (lateral) meatus by two turbinate bones, the nasoturbinate and maxilloturbinate. These turbinates project from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the cavity, respectively. In the posterior portion of the nose, the ethmoid recess contains the ethmoturbinate. The nasal cavity is lined by a vascular mucosa that consists of four distinct types of epithelia. In rodents, these epithelia are (1) the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the nasal vestibule and the floor of the ventral meatus in the anterior portion of the nose (2) the non-ciliated, pseudostratified, transitional epithelium that lies between the squamous epithelium and the respiratory epithelium and lines the lateral meatus (3) the ciliated respiratory epithelium that lines the remainder of the nasal cavity anterior and ventral to the olfactory epithelium and (4) the olfactory epithelium (neuroepithelium) that lines the dorsal meatus and ethmoturbinates in the caudal portion of the nose. The relative abundance and exact locations of these upper respiratory epithelium differ among mammalian species. 

Fig. 3 Vomeronasal system. Schematic representation of a rodent nasal cavity and brain (lateral view). Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) mitral cells project to vomeronasal and extended amygdala. Inset The VNO is a bilateral tubular structure located at the base of the nasal septum. VSNs that express the same V1R or V2R converge on a small number of glomeruli in the AOB. Sensory neurons located in the apical layer of the epithelium project to the anterior part of the AOB, whereas those present in the basal layer project to the posterior part. MOE main olfactory epithelium, MOB main olfactory bulb, BSTMPM posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, MEA medial amygdaloid nucleus, BACfF bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, PMCO posteromedial cortical amygdaloid area...

DNA-protein cross links formed in specific regions of nasal cavity epithelium in response to acute exposure to radiolabeled formaldehyde. DNA-protein cross link concentrations were approximately 6-fold higher in the mucosal lining of the lateral meatus (where formaldehyde-induced lesions develop) than in the mucosal lining of the medial and posterior meatus (where lesion development is less strong). Preexposure to formaldehyde at concentrations 2 ppm did not affect the formation of DNA-protein cross links, but at higher concentrations, pre-exposed rats showed decreased acute formation of DNA-protein cross links compared with rats without prior exposure to formaldehyde. 

The lateral walls of the nasal cavities of mammals are elaborated into folds by the bony turbinates. In the posterior portion of the nasal cavity, much of the surface area of... 

The sphenopalatine artery, the terminal branch of the internal maxillary artery enters the nasal cavity where it is divided into a septal, medial branch and a lateral branch that supplies the conchae. These two arteries have a distinctive appearance on the angiographic views. These branches usually anastomose with the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, which arise from the ophthalmic artery system, at the anterior and posterior ethmoidal cells, and eventually connects the external and internal carotid... 

Carefiil identification and dissection of the yellowish part of the mucosa in the superior and posterior in region from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity under stereomicroscopy... 

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