Positive charge deficiency

For instance, clays are of particular interest with respect to energy storage, because of the frequency and variety of isomorphic, positive charge deficient, cation substitutions. These result in significant numbers of stable hole trapping sites (67-68). The fate of the associated electrons in clays is more speculative (69-70). They... 

The difference in chemical composition between kaolinite and illite is to be seen in the relatively greater degree of isomorphous replacement for illite. Furthermore, the positive charge deficiency is balanced by interlayer K+ ions. These ions are not available for ion exchange, while those exposed on the surface can be exchanged for other ions [13]. 

Montmorillonite, a layered clay mineral, shows interesting behavior in the adsorption of organic molecules due to the presence of interlayer space containing exchangeable metal cations which compensate the positive charge deficiency in the alumino-silicate sheet. Various kinds of aromatic molecules are adsorbed in the Interlayer of montmorillonite, replacing water molecules which surrounds exchangeable metal cations in the interlayer(1). 

Copper(I) oxide [1317-39-1] is 2lp-ty e semiconductor, Cu2 0, in which proper vacancies act as acceptors to create electron holes that conduct within a narrow band in the Cu i7-orbitals. Nickel monoxide [1313-99-17, NiO, forms a deficient semiconductor in which vacancies occur in cation sites similar to those for cuprous oxide. For each cation vacancy two electron holes must be formed, the latter assumed to be associated with regular cations ([Ni " h = Semiconduction results from the transfer of positive charges from cation to cation through the lattice. Conduction of this type is similar... 

As will be indicated when the mechanism is discussed in more detail, discrete carbocations may not be formed in all cases. An unsymmetrical alkene will nevertheless follow Markownikoff s rule, because the partial positive charge that develops will be located preferentially at the carbon that is better able to accommodate the electron deficiency, that is, the more substituted one. 

Since a piece of matter (e.g., a piece of rubber or copper) is made up of a great many neutral atoms, the piece is itself normally neutral or uncharged. When a rubber rod is rubbed with fur, some electrons are pulled from the fur onto the rod, giving it extra negative charge (the fur is then deficient of electrons so it is positively charged). 

In discussing the elFect of structure on the stabilization of alkyl cations on the basis of the carbonylation-decarbonylation equilibrium constants, it is assumed that—to a first approximation—the stabilization of the alkyloxocarbonium ions does not depend on the structure of the alkyl group. The stabilization of the positive charge in the alkyloxocarbonium ion is mainly due to the resonance RC = 0 <-> RC = 0+, and the elFect of R on this stabilization is only of minor importance. It has been shown by Brouwer (1968a) that even in the case of (tertiary) alkylcarbonium ions, which would be much more sensitive to variation of R attached to the electron-deficient centre, the stabilization is practically independent of the structure of the alkyl groups. Another argument is found in the fact that the equilibrium concentrations of isomeric alkyloxocarbonium ions differ by at most a factor of 2-3 from each other (Section III). Therefore, the value of K provides a quantitative measure of the stabilization of an alkyl cation. In the case of R = t-adamantyl this equilibrium constant is 30 times larger than when R = t-butyl or t-pentyl, which means that the non-planar t-adamantyl ion is RT In 30= 2-1 kcal... 

The hydrogen atom becomes somewhat electron deficient => bears a partial positive charge (8+). 

If any oil droplets in Millikan s oil drop experiment had possessed a deficiency of electrons, the droplets would have been positively charged and would have been attracted to, not repelled by, the negatively charged plate. There would have been no voltage setting possible where the electrical and gravitational forces on the drop would have balanced. 

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