Population-Resolved Online Monitoring and Process Control

3 Population-Resolved Online Monitoring and Process Control 

Available online or at-line monitoring methods of cultivations currently focus on the measurement of bulk parameters such as viable or total cell density, cell morphology, pH, (dissolved) gas concentrations, or a relatively small number of metabohtes using (FT-)IR or (FT-)Raman spectroscopy, which has been reviewed elsewhere [92-94]. Population-resolved monitoring currently involves the necessity to take samples and perform elaborate assays on them as described in Section 4.3.3.1, for example, involving online flow cytometry [95]. Since population heterogeneity influences the overall behavior during the cultivation. 

Since the information is available early, it is assumed that such action would enable avoiding unrecoverable damage that would otherwise occur to the culture, that is, massive and rapid decay of viability or productivity. 

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