Polyphosphonate cements

Ellis, J. Wilson, A. D. (1990). Polyphosphonate cements a new class of dental materials. Jourrml of Materials Science Letters, 9, 1058-60. 

Ellis and Wilson studied cements formed from concentrated solutions of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and oxides and silicate glasses, which they termed metal oxide and glass polyphosphonate cements (Wilson ... 

Miscellaneous aqueous cements 8.4.2 Glass polyphosphonate cements... 

Ellis, J., Anstice, M. Wilson, A. D. (1991). The glass polyphosphonate cement a novel glass-ionomer cement based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid). Clinical Materials, 7, 341-6. 

These are mainly polymeric cements formed by bonding of polyions (or macroions)which are anions with small cations called counterions. Good examples are polycarboxylate cements [9], glass-ionomer cement [10], and polyphosphonic cements [11,12]. Zinc polycarboxylate, glass polyalkenoate, and resin glass polyalkenoate are some examples... 

Polyelectrolytes are polymers having a multiplicity of ionizable groups. In solution, they dissociate into polyions (or macroions) and small ions of the opposite charge, known as counterions. The polyelectrolytes of interest in this book are those where the polyion is an anion and the counterions are cations. Some typical anionic polyelectrolytes are depicted in Figure 4.1. Of principal interest are the homopolymers of acrylic acid and its copolymers with e.g. itaconic and maleic adds. These are used in the zinc polycarboxylate cement of Smith (1968) and the glass-ionomer cement of Wilson Kent (1971). More recently, Wilson Ellis (1989) and Ellis Wilson (1990) have described cements based on polyphosphonic adds. 

Figure 8.4 The effect of Si/Al ratio in the glass on the setting time of glass polyphosphonate and glass polyalkenoate cements (Ellis, 1989).

In the more recent polyphosphonate ionomer cements, the polyacrylic acid (12.155a) is replaced by polyvinylphosphonic acid (12.155b). High compressive strengths with setting times 3 min can be achieved. 

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