Cytochrome polymorphisms

Ingelman-Sundberg, M. (2001) Implications of polymorphic cytochrome p450-dependent drug metabolism for drug development. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 29 (4 Pt 2), 570-573. 

Relling, M.V., Evans, W.E., Fonne-Pfister, R., et al. (1989) Anticancer drugs as inhibitors of two polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes, debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylase, in human liver microsomes. Cancer Res. 49, 68-71. 

Hepatic metabolism and excretion in the bile play major roles in the elimination of both vinblastine and vincristine in humans (52) small amounts of vincristine and vinblastine, of the order of 10% of the administered dose, are excreted unchanged in urine. Renal clearance of vinblastine has been reported to be less than 10% of total serum clearance 53). Vinblastine has been reported to inhibit a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 system in human hepatic microsomes, but the concentrations required were much higher than those observed in clinical settings (54). 

Coutts RT, Urichuk LJ. Polymorphic cytochromes P450 and drugs used in psychiatry. Cell Mol Neurobiot 1999 19 325-354. 

The published work is divided between papers addressing applications, parameter estimation methods, and tests of hypotheses regarding mixture existence. Two NONMEM related papers described two subpopulations with respect to the clearance of intravenously administered cephalosporins (20, 21). The antianginal agent perhexilene, which is known to have polymorphic cytochrome P450-2D6... 

Codeine activation to morphine by demeth-ylation is controlled by the activity of the polymorphic cytochrome CYP2D6 (181). The clinical relevance of this observation derives from thefactthat about 10%of Caucasians lackthis metabolic pathway. Because poor metaboliz-ers cannot activate this widely used drug, for... 

E. Eliasson (2002). Oxidation of celecoxib by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2C9 and alcohol dehydrogenase. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 54,423-429. 

Species, sex, age, genetics, e.g., variability in enzymatic factors such as polymorphisms (cytochrome systems) or tissue repair mechanisms ... 

Fischer, V. Vickers, A.E.M. Heitz, F. Mahadevan, S. Baldeck, J.-R Mineiy, R Tynes, R. The polymorphic cytochrome P-4502D6 is involved in the metabolism of both 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists, tropisetron and ondansetron. Drug Metab.Dispos., 1994,22,269—274 [microsomal incubations human liver extracted metaboUtes gradient column temp 40 radioactivity detection]... 

Aithal, G.P., Day, C.P., and Kesteven, P.J. et al. (1999). Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 C YP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding comph-cations. Lancet 353, 717-719. 

Polymorphic metabolism Genetically determined rates of metabolism (fast vs. slow) by selected isozymes of cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. 

Carrillo, J. A. et al. (2003). Role of the smoking-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and polymorphic CYP2D6 in steady-state concentration of olanzapine. /. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 23, 119-27. 

Basile, V. S., Ozdemir, V., Masellis, M. etal. (2000). Afunctional polymorphism ofthe cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) gene association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry, 5, 410-17. 

Chen, J., Lu, Z., Jiang, S. D. et al. (2005). Association between polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 enzymes 1A2 2C19 gene and treatment-resistant depression. Shanghai Archive of Psychiatry, 17(2), 95-8. 

Huang, Y., Liu, X. H., Xu, K. et al. (2002b). Association study of cytochrome P450 2D6 gene polymorphism and therapeutic response to risperidone in Chinese subjects with schizophrenia. Journal of Chinese Psychiatry, 35(2), 103-6. 

Zhang, S., Dong, Z. W., Tang, L. et al. (2002). Cytochrome P450 2C19 gene polymorphism in four Chinese nationality populations. Journal of Chinese Medical Genetics, 19(1), 52 4. 

Luo, H. R., Poland, R., Lin, K. M. Wan, Y. Y. (2006). Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C19 in Mexican Americans a cross ethnic comparative study. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 80, 33-40. 

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