Polymers synthetic organic macromolecules

Polyphosphazenes comprise by far the largest class of inorganic macromolecules. At least 700 different polymers of this type have been synthesized, with a range of physical and chemical properties that rivals that known hitherto only for synthetic organic macromolecules.1... 

In any pharmacologically active polymer, it is an advantage if the polymer itself can be designed to biodegrade eventually to harmless small molecules. Very few synthetic organic macromolecules possess this attribute. Hydrolytic biodegradability can be... 

Mirau, P. 2004. A Practical Guide to Understanding the NMR of Polymers. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Moldoveanu, S. 2005. Analytical Pyrolysis of Synthetic Organic Polymers. Elsevier, New York. Montaudo, G. and Lattimer, R.P. 2001. Mass Spectrometry of Polymers. Taylor Francis, Boca Raton, FL. Oliver, R.W.A. 1998. HPLC of Macromolecules, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, New York. 

Recently, a miniaturized thermal apparatus, [t-ThFFF, was developed and applied to characterize the molar mass distribution of synthetic polymers in organic solvent as well to determine the particle size distribution of nanoparticles (PSs latex) in aqueous carrier. This 4-ThFFF proved to performed well in both macromolecule and particle analysis [48]. 

Most synthetic polymers are totally organic macromolecules derived from petroleum. One of the exceptions is the broad class of polymers with an inorganic backbone - called polyphosphazenes. 

The synthetic organic chemist, on the other hand, who is used to deal with structurally defined, but small molecules should be aware that avoiding structural defects in conjugated polymers is by no means a trivial task. A side reaction in any of the polymer forming steps does not lead to a separable side product, but produces an inherent structural defect of the macromolecule. 

Polymers The word polymer means a material composed of macromolecules or the macromolecule itself. Most synthetic organic polymers consist of long chains of mostly or all carbon-carbon bonds. To build nanostmetured materials, the polymeric building blocks can be linear, highly branched, or amphiphiUc. Likewise the far more complex assemblies of living organisms depend on polymers polysaccharides, proteins, and polynucleotides. 

Polymer Synthesis. Polymer synthesis could be as yaried as all of synthetic organic chemistry, but it is not, because the conditions required for successful production of macromolecules are far more exacting than for most micromolecules. In a polymerization the chain-forming step must occur 100 times for every termination step to achieve a degree of polymerization of 100. Not many organic reactions proceed in >99% yield. 

Polymers are organic materials consisting of macromolecules, composed of many repeating units called mers , from which the word polymer is derived. The major polymers in the production of synthetic graphite are listed in Table 4.1 above and their chemical structures are shown in Fig. 4.4. 

The conception of grafted or support small molecules on any other surface is very useful and important synthetic approach in organic green S5mthesis [2]. In 1963, Merrifield first proposed resin as a solid support for tetrapep-tide synfhesis and later the use of polymer-support resins has been applied exfensively in various fields [3]. Since half cenfury puts forfh fhe revolutionary concept of solid-phase S5mthesis, if employs organic macromolecules as a... 

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