Polymerization methylene blue

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials No reaction Stability During Transport Normally unstable but will be detonate Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Wash with water, rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution Polymerization May occur in contact with acids, iron salts, or at elevated temperatures and release high energy rapidly may cause explosion under confinement Inhibitor of Polymerization Monomethyl ether of hydroquinone 180-200 ppm phenothiazine (for tech, grades) 1000 ppm hydroquinone (0.1 %) methylene blue (0.5... 

Butterman, M Tietz, D Orban, L Chrambach, A, Ferguson Plots Based on Absolute Mobilities in Polyarcylamide Gel Electrophoresis Dependence of Linearity of Polymerization Conditions and Application on the Determination of Free Mobility, Electrophoresis 9, 293, 1988. Caglio, S Chiari, M Righetti, PG, Gel Polymerization in Detergents Conversion Efficiency of Methylene Blue vs. Persulfate Catalysis, as Investigated by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 15, 209, 1994. 

Pt-catalysed reduction of methylene blue and 10-methyl-5-deazoisoalloxazine -3-propanesulfonic acid Polymerized surfactant vesicles. Catalytic efficiencies high in these systems Kurihara and Fendler, 1983... 

Photo-polymerization was conducted at 254 nm under a modified fluorescent microscope. Allyl-oligonucleotides were employed with methylene blue as the free radical initiator for crosslinking. In the case of proteins, acryloyl streptavidin was first immobilized so that biotinylated proteins could be applied to the gel pad (Vasiliskov et al., 1999). One of the major drawbacks with the gel pad approach was that separate pads had to be manufactured instead of coating the enhre slide with the gel and then printing down the microarray. 

For a variety of arylsulfinate salts containing para-substituents of varying electron demand, it was shown under controlled polymerization conditions (1 M acrylamide monomer, pH 7, 4 x 10 3 M activator for methylene blue sensitization) (43b) that dye bleaching occurred with a quantum yield of 0.10-0.17 and that quantum yields for monomer loss were 1200-1700. The efficiency of the dye bleaching and the polymerization reaction increased as the electron donor ability of the sulfinate increased. ... 

FIGURE 5. Polymerization of hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) initiated by irradiation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence... 

The patent and open literature were searched for examples of dye sensitized photopolymerization in which a common monomer (acrylamide), and one of several common dyes (thionine, T methylene blue, MB or rose bengal, RB) were used in combination with a stated concentration of an activator. The polymerization conditions (monomer concentration, light intensity absorbed, and extent conversion) were stated in each case chosen for inclusion. The relative photospeed of the system was calculated based on several corrections to the raw data. We here define the relative photospeed of a composition as the inverse of the exposure time t needed to effect some fixed percentage of monomer conversion. 

The photosensitive system used by the Hughes group is based on a dye, such as methylene blue, and toluenesulfinic acid. The dye is excited by helium-neon laser light (632.8 nm) and it is then reduced by sulfinate ion to form a radical known to initiate acrylate polymerization ... 

Figure 24 Polymerized vesicles made of the surfactant (26) and containing the membrane-bound manganese(lll) porphyrin (25) were used by Nolte and coworkers to mimic cytochrome P450 oxidation of alkenes. The vesicles contain colloidal platinum in the internal water pool. Within the microreactor H2 and O2 are converted to H2O and the alkene is epoxidized [89]. MB denotes membrane-bound methylene blue (27)...

Dye-sensitized photopolymerizations are of interest in that the spectral range of photoinitiation can be extended into the visible region. A variety of dyes such as methylene blue, thionine, fluorescein, and eosin undergo excitation and the excited dye can interact with an appropriate substance to produce radicals which, in turn, can initiate polymerization of the substrate monomer. Dye-sensitized photopolymerizations often comprise redox systems involving electron or hydrogen transfer between the excited dye and the other substance. An example is the methylene blue-p-toluenesulfinate ion system. The p-toluenesulfinate ion is oxidized by the irradiated dye to the corresponding radical which initiates polymerization of the monomer ... 

U.V. Stabilizers.—Many of the papers discussed in preceding sections contain discussion of the nature and mechanism of u.v. stabilizers. A brief survey of antioxidants and stabilizers used in the plastics industry has appeared,28 and some new photostabilizers, including a polymeric u.v. absorber and a surface-grafted antioxidant, have been proposed.280 The mechanism of nickel chelate stabilizers has been further discussed,281 and the diffusion of and loss of light stabilizers in poly(olefins) described.282 As part of an attempt to understand the transformations of stabilizers during the ageing of polymers, the photooxidation of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol sensitized by Methylene Blue has been studied.283 U.v. light protection by sunscreens, with mechanisms of interest to the polymer field, has been described.284... 

To increase the stability of the phenothiazine dye CMEs, investigations of the electrochemical reactions of redox proteins at polymer CMEs have been undertaken. One example of such a study is the heterogeneous redox reaction of Cyt c at an electrochemically polymerized polypyrrole-methylene blue (PPy-MB) film CME. Figure 17 shows the cyclic voltammetric response that occurs during the preparation of this CME by potential... 

Figure 7. Polymerized vesicle of 9. Colloidal platinum is suspended inside the vesicle. Modified Mn(III)TPP is anchored in the bilayer. Methylene blue (not shown) acts as an electron carrier...

Another examples is a combination of methylene blue and perylene that was shown to be effective in photoinduced polymerizations of acrylic esters. Also, dyes, like toluidine blue and thiazine were reported to be effective in the presence of different alcoholamines. ... 

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