Polymeric/polymers nanofibers

The polymer resulting from oxidation of 3,5-dimethyl aniline with palladium was also studied by transmission electron microscopy (Mallick et al. 2005). As it turned out, the polymer was formed in nanofibers. During oxidative polymerization, palladium ions were reduced and formed palladium metal. The generated metal was uniformly dispersed between the polymer nanofibers as nanoparticles of 2 mm size. So, Mallick et al. (2005) achieved a polymer- metal intimate composite material. This work should be juxtaposed to an observation by Newman and Blanchard (2006) that reaction between 4-aminophenol and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate leads to polyaniline (bearing hydroxyl groups) and metallic gold as nanoparticles. Such metal nanoparticles can well be of importance in the field of sensors, catalysis, and electronics with improved performance. 

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by radical-mediated dispersion polymerization. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis indicated that the Ag nanoparticles were continually released from the polymer nanofiber in aqueous solution [47]. In another study, the electrospinning conditions for PMMA were studied [48]. In this work, conductivity of the polymer solution containing Ag nanoparticles and its effect on fiber diameter were also studied. As the results showed, the maximum concentration for the electrospinning of PMMA was found to be 18 wt%, and the ratio of DMF to THF was 7 3 (v/v). The diameter of nanolibers obtained was found to be 100-400 nm when the PMMA solution contained 1,000 ppm of Ag nanoparticles [48]. 

Another strategy for synthesizing conducting-polymer nanofiber arrays based on a two-phase system has also been reported by Li et al [165]. This system ensures a very low concentration of monomer, for instance pyrrole, in the polymerization process (Figure 16.17). 

This book covers the general aspects of electrospinning and discusses the fundamental concepts that can be used to produce nanofibers with the help of mathematical models and equations. It also details the methods through which different polymeric structures can be included in conjugated polymers during electrospinning to form composites or blends of conjugated polymer nanofibers. 

This book covers general aspects, fundamental concepts, and equations of electrospinning used for the production of nanofibers and reviews latest researches on inclusion of conjugated polymer in different polymeric structures such as composites or blends of conjugated polymer nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. 

Polymer nanofibers can be synthesized by several general methods. The most common techniques are template synthesis [13], chiral reaction [14], self-assembly [15], interfacial polymerization [16,17], and electrospinning technique [18]. 

Kong, H. and Jang, J. 2006. One-step fabrication of silver nanoparticle embedded polymer nanofibers by radical-mediated dispersion polymerization, 28 ... 

Rather than drag coating onto electrospun surface, Kenawy et al. [51] have examined the behavior of nanofibers composed of PLA and poly (ethylene-acetate co-vinyl) (PEVA) with incorporated drag. The fibers were prepared by dissolving the polymer with tetracycline hydrochloride drag, thereby producing polymeric fibers. This experimentation demonstrates a constant drug release over 5 days from the polymer nanofibers in electrospun PEVA and 50/50 PLA/PEVA mats. 

Innis PC, Wallace GG (2002) Inherently conducting polymeric nanostructures. 1 Nano Sci Nanotechnol 2 441-451 Jayaraman K, Kotaki M, Zhang Y, Mo X, Ramakrishna S (2004) Recent advances in polymer nanofibers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 4(l-2) 52-65... 

Aussawasathien, D., P. He, and L. Dai (2006). Polymer nanofibers and polymer sheathed carbon nanombes for sensors. In Polymeric Nanofibers. ACS Symposium Series 918. Edited by D. H. Reneker and H. Fong. Oxford University Press (USA), p. 246. 

In the previous sections, organic solutions are already mentioned a few times, and many of the techniques that allow polymer nanofibers to be produced, as described in Chapters 2 and 3, rely on systems composed of macromolecules in solution. Investigating the properties of polymer solutions is the subject of an entire sub-field of chemical physics, and we give here only introductory background information. A solution involves two or more chemical species that are intimately mixed, i.e. in which the mutual interaction between the components is at the molecular level. In other words, a solution is homogenously composed of only one phase. Polymer solutions comprise at least one polymeric material and the solvent (water, organic solvents, etc.) in... 

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