Polymeric flocculants solution make

In order to overcome these drawbacks, various solutions can be considered. One would be to destroy the surfactants after polymerization and film formation. Some efforts have been made to make surfactants photosensitive [1] with a scissile covalent bond in between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic parts of the surfactant Tlie second one, which is considered in this review, is to permanently anchor the surfactants onto the particle surfaces during the polymerization. In such a way, the adventitious desorption of the surfactants under stresses is no longer possible. Even if such anchored surfactants cause the coalescence process to be more difficult their migration is not possible and the process erf hydrophilic domain formation is hindered. Then it may be expected that the water solubilization inside the film is limited so that the water permeability decreases. A final advantage lies in the absence of surfactants in the serum after polymerization then, in such applications when the polymer material is separated from the water by flocculation, the absence of surfactant in the rejected water should make its purification and recycling easier. The use of such surfectants is also claimed to reduce the volume of foams [2] such things become increasingly imponant, when much more attention is paid to environmental problems. 

Potential problems with formaldehyde-based processes are the objectionable odor of both the fresh and spent solutions and the tendency of the solutions to polymerize and flocculate. The latter phenomena can cause plugging of the contact equipment, make clean-out difficult, and. if deep well injection is used for waste disposal, cause plugging of the formation. Flocculation can be avoided by diluting the mixture with two or three parts water, but this increases the volume of each charge required for a given change-out schedule. Deposits in the equipment can be cleaned out by use of dilute caustic however, polymer deposits in the formation cannot be removed readily and may rule out this type of disposal. 

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