Polymer-supported, acid catalysts, Heck reaction

The concept of SI L catalyst has been developed quickly in the last decade. Holderich et al. [4] added acidic chloroaluminate ILs to various types of supports, and the catalytic activities of the immobilized ILs were found to be higher than those of the conventional catalysts under the same conditions. Inspired by this work, SIL catalysts have been widely used in the coupling reactions for olefin hydroformylation [5], olefin metathesis [6], Heck reactions [7], and hydroamination [8], and so on. SIL catalytic systems have also been reported for some other reactions, such as water-gas shift reaction [9], dihydroxylation of olefins [10], and hydrogenation [1 Ij. The solid supports used include magnetic NPs [12], mesoporous molecular sieves [13], soluble organic ions [14], noncovalently solid-phase [15], IL-functionalized carbon nanotubes [16], polymer cocktail [17], and so on. 

The formation of C-C bonds is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. There are many catalytic systems that can achieve this transformation under mild conditions, and it is therefore not surprising that supported versions of these catalysts have received significant attention. Ikegami and coworkers have prepared an assembled catalyst of palladium and a non-cross-linked amphiphilic polymer ligand to perform the heterogeneous Heck reaction of a series of aryl iodides with acrylates, styrenes, and acrylic acids (Scheme 4). An efficient reaction was... 

Since the renaissance of solid-phase organic chemistry in 1992, carbon-carbon bond formation reactions on solid support have probably been the best studied reactions. Many different facets of the Suzuki, Heck and Stille reactions have been evaluated. The influence of linkers, catalyst, solvents, microwave, polymer-bound aryl halides or polymer-bound arylboronic acids (or stannanes) have been studied in detail. 

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