Polymer , generally conjugated

A reaction mechanism in which the precursor polymer undergoes a redox reaction followed by loss of the bridge hydrogens is proposed. The resulting conjugated aromatic/quinonoid polymers generally have very small semiconductor band gaps in accord with predictions of recent theoretical calculations. 

Pasut G, Veronese FM (2007) Polymer-drug conjugation, recent achievements and general strategies. Progr Polym Sci 32 933-961... 

In a book such as this, it may be worth beginning a chapter by stressing several points where conducting (or, more generally, conjugated, polymers) differ from conducting organic crystals made of small molecules. 

The character of the counterion and the solvent both affect the microstruclure of polymers made anionically from dienes. In general, the proportion of 1,4 chains is highest for Li and decreases with decreasing clecironegativity and increasing size of the alkali metals in the order Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs. A very high (>90%) 1,4 content is achieved only with lithium alkyl or lithium metal initiation in hydrocarbon solvents. The properties of polymers of conjugated diolefins tend to be like those of thermoplastics if the monomer enchainment is 1,2 or 3,4 [reactions (4-3) and (4-4)]. Elastomeric behavior is realized from 1,4 polymerization and particularly if the polymer structure is cis about ihe residual double bond. 

There are in general two ways to synthesize side chain polymers, polymerization of peptide-functional monomers or introduction of the peptide moiety afterwards, by grafting. The latter technique is based on the synthesis of polymers containing some form of functionality in the side chain, normally an activated ester moiety, which can further react with a peptide. The most commonly used method for the polymerization of monomers containing active esters is free radical polymerization. In particular many activated acrylate esters have been polymerized in this manner [12] (Table 1) for use in a wide variety of applications, from the preparation of polymer drug conjugates [13,14] to supports for solid phase peptide synthesis [15,16]. 

An interesting application of polymer protein conjugates has been reviewed by Alexander et al. [75,76]. By connecting stimulus responsive synthetic polymers to enzymes, the enzyme activity could be directed by varying temperature or by UV illumination, since this resulted in a change in hydro-dynamic volume of the polymers attached [77]. In general, the attachment of polymer chains proved to stabilize the enzymes. In case of the prote-... 

PP/silver nanocomposite fibres were prepared with the aim of achieving permanent antibacterial activity in a common synthetic textile. The fibres were melt-spun by coextmsion of PP and PP/silver masteibatches using general conjugate spinning. Masteibatches were made up of a mixture of PP chips and nano-sized silver powder. The antibacterial efficacy of spun fibres was high when the masteibatch was used as the sheath rather than the core. The antibacterial activity of nano-silver in fibres was evaluated after a certain contact time and calculated by percent reduction of two types of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiela pneumoniae. DSC and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used for analysis of stractuie, thermal properties and crystallisation behaviour of the spun fibres. SEM was carried out in order to observe particle distribution on the nanocomposite fibres. 17 refs. (2nd International Conference on Polymer Fibres, Manchester, UK, July 2002)... 

Light-emitting polymers generally share a conjugated structure along the polymer backbone. The 7t-electrons are delocalized, which is the precondition for the conductivity of the polymer. The structure of conjugated polymer is easily tuned by different methods. Modification of monomeric units can improve the solubility of the polymer and regulate the... 

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