Polymer amphiphilic biphasic

Last but not least, the success of aqueous-phase catalysis has drawn the interest of the homogeneous-catalysis community to other biphasic possibilities such as or-ganic/organic separations, fluorous phases, nonaqueous ionic liquids, supercritical solvents, amphiphilic compounds, or water-soluble, polymer-bound catalysts. As in the field of aqueous-phase catalysis, the first textbooks on these developments have been published, not to mention Job s book on Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis which followed three years after our own publication and which put the spotlight on Job s special merits as one of the pioneers in aqueous biphasic catalysis. Up to now, most of the alternatives mentioned are only in a state of intensive development (except for one industrial realization that of Swan/Chematur for hydrogenations in scC02 [2]) but other pilot plant adaptations and even technical operations may be expected in the near future. 

Water-soluble polymers prepared from a hydrophilic polyester have been shown to be highly effective water-soluble polymer-supported catalysts for aqueous biphasic hydrogenations [169]. The necessary amphiphilic polyester 134 with a BINAP ligand in the main polymer chain was prepared according to Eq. 74 using terephthaloyl chloride, dihydroxy-PEG4000) a diaminated BI-... 

Finkelmann and Schafheutle studied monomeric and polymeric amphiphiles containing a monosaccharide headgroup [138]. The monomer, iV-D(-)-gluco-A-methyl-(12-acryloyloxy)-dodecane-1 -amide, exhibits Lj (>52°C) and L phases (65-88%, 57-87 °C), with a biphasic region separating the two. The polymer, poly-(A-D(-)-glu-co-A -methyl-( 12-acry loyloxy )-dodecane-1-amide) again exhibits Li and phases but these are formed at -0.1 °C. The lamellar phase exists between 37 and 100% polymer, and up to 184.8 °C. It is separated from... 

A slow reorganization was reported to occur upon addition of amphiphilic polymers to a system of small vesicles of DPPC/DPPA (dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid) that resulted in mixed aggregates of micellar size. The added polymers were poly(sodium acrylate/isopropylacrylamide) bearing some pendant hydrophobic alkyl chains with 8 or 18 carbon atoms. The change of vesicle hydrodynamic radius with time was biphasic... 

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