Polyhydroxyalkanoates fatty acid biosynthesis

Amirul AA, Yahya ARM, Sudesh K, Azizan MNM, Majid MIA (2008) Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA1020 isolated from lake Kulim. Malays Bioresour Technol 99 4903-4909 Anderson AJ, Dawes EA (1990) Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microbiol Rev 54 450-472 Anderson AJ, Haywood GW, Dawes EA (1990) Biosynthesis and composition of bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoates). Int J Biol Macromol 12 102-105 Annuar MSM, Tan IKP, Ibrahim S, Ramachandran KB (2007) Production of medium-chain-length Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) from crude fatty acids mixture by Pseudomonas putida. Food Bioprod Process 85 104-119... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis is regulated, on one hand, by the activity of 3-ketothiolase (EC 2.3.1.16), and on the other hand of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.36) intracellular PHA breakdown is dependent on the activity of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30). Besides these three enzymes, the following compounds can be pointed out as major factors responsible of the activities of the key enzymes acetyl-CoA, free CoA, NAD(P) + (or NAD(P)H2, respectively) and, to a lower extent, ATP, pyruvate and oxalacetate. In any case, acetyl-CoA can be considered as the central metabolite both for biomass formation and PHB biosynthesis. This compound stems from the catabolic break down of carbon substrates like sugars (mainly catabolized by the 2-Keto-3-desoxy-6-phosphogluconate pathway) or fatty acids (converted by 6-oxidation). 

Green PR, Kemper J, Lee S, Guo L, Satkowski M, Fiedler S, Stembiichel A, Rehm BHA (2002) Formation of short chain length/medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers by fatty acid oxidation inhibited Ralstonia eutropha. Biomacromolecules 3 208—213 Gross RA, DeMeUo C, Lenz RW, Brandi H, Fuller RC (1989) Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans. Macromolecules 22 1106-1115... 

Ugwu CU, Tokiwa Y, Aoyagi H, Uchiyama H, Tanaka H (2008) UV mutagenesis of Cupriavidus necator for extraceliuiar production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric add. J Appl Microbiol 105 236-242 Valentin HE, Steinbiichel A (1994) Application of enzymatically synthesized short-chain-length hydroxy fatty acid coenzyme A thioesters for assay of polyhydroxyalkanoic add biosynthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 40 699-709... 

Yu J, Si Y (2004) Metabolic carbon fluxes and biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Ralstonia eutropha on short chain fatty acids. Biotechnol Prog 20 1015-1024... 

Rehm BHA, Mitsky TA, Steinbtichel A (2001) Role of fatty add de novo biosynthesis in polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and rhamnolipid synthesis by Pseudomonads establishment of the transacylase (PhaG)-mediated pathway for PHA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 3102-3109... 

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