Polygalaceae saponins

The aim of this chapter is to give the newest results on the chemistry and pharmacological properties of Polygalaceae saponins during the period... 

Escin la (triterpene saponin) Polygala senega (Polygalaceae) [root] HypoGlc (Glc-loaded rat) [4 intestinal Glc transport]... 

If the saponins from Quillaja saponaria (Rosaceae) and their anologs have been extensively studied as immunoadjuvants, few saponins from other sources have been reported to possess this property. In the following we will summarize results on studies of adjuvant saponins from Rhamnaceae, Araliaceae, Polygalaceae, and Fabaceae. 

Biological activity chemotaxonomy Polygalaceae presenegenin triterpene saponins... 

From P. tenuifolia, a plant which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years as an expectorant, tonic, tranquilizer, and to treat dementia, amnesia, and neurastenia, 11 saponins (7-17) were isolated. They share the same common sequence cited above (3-0-Glc-presenegenin-28-0-Fuc -Rha -Xyl) with additional substitutions at Fuc-3 either by a Rha (7,13-16) [12-15] or a Gal moiety (11) [13] or a (Z)-trimethoxycinnamoyl unit in the case of 9,10, and 17 [13,16], In the compounds 7,8,11-14, and 16, an acylation was observed at Fuc-4 by either an ( )- or (Z)-4-methoxy- or an ( )-trimethoxycinnamoyl group [12,13]. The originality of some compounds was observed by an unusual substitution at C-3 of Rha [13]. Namely, the presence of a jS-o-apiofuranosyl (Api) unit which is acylated at C-5 by a glutaroyl moiety (9-12) is very rare in the family of Polygalaceae. Finally, the Xyl of the trisaccharide sequence at C-28 is free or substituted by a monosaccharide at C-3 or C-. ... 

Fig. 104.8 Some representative bioactive saponins from Polygalaceae...

Lacaille-Dubois MA, Mitaine-Offer AC (2005) Triterpene saponins from Polygalaceae. Phytochem Rev 4 139-149... 

Tiiterpenoid saponin exists widely in plants of Araliaceae, Campanulaceae, Polygalaceae, Leguminosae, Umbelliferae, etc. Tiiterpenoid saponin is consisted of triteipenoid sapogenins and saccharide chain. Tetracyclic and pentacyclic triteipenoid saponins are very common and showed extensive activity on immune system, cardiovascular system, even with antitumor effect. They have long been under study to elucidate their activity and mechanism, new structural compounds, and develop rapid and accurate analytical methods. The isolation of triterpenoid saponins is tedious due to their high polarity, and so is the structure identification due to the presence of more than three monosaccharides. New analytical tools and approaches have been developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of triteipenoid saponins in food, medicinal plant and health care products. This chapter describes spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and chromatography coupled with different detector for triterpenoid saponin analysis in matrix. 

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