Polyethylene transmission electron

Figures 4.1 la and b, respectively, are examples of dark-field and direct transmission electron micrographs of polyethylene crystals. The ability of dark-field imaging to distinguish between features of the object which differ in orientation is apparent in Fig. 4.11a. The effect of shadowing is evident in Fig. 4.11b, where those edges of the crystal which cast the shadows display sharper contrast.

Figure 6 Vibrational spectra of polymers, (a) Transmission infrared spectrum of polyethylene (b) electron-induced loss spectrum of polyethylene (c) transmission infrared spectrum of polypropylene. ...

Figure 5 Electron micrograph of a portion of melt crystallised polyethylene spherulite by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing lamellae. Reproduced from Ref. [3] with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

IPHC, Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion/chemotherapy MMC, Mitomycin C IP, Intraperitoneal SOD, Superoxide dismutase Nd YAG, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet Nd Y3A15012 NIR, Near infrared FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate PEG, Polyethylene glycol FA, Fohc acid CDDP, Cisplatin TEM, Transmission electron microscopy... 

Figure 8.6 Morphological variation of DNA. Transmission electron micrographs of T4 DNA are shown, except for the rod structure where A DNA is used. The scale bar is 100 nm. The giant toroid is formed under a high concentration of spermidine in the buffer solutions with rather high salt (Yoshikawa et al, 1999). The segregated structure is generated by PEG-A (polyethylene glycol with pendent amino groups Yoshikawa et al., 1997b). Further explanation on the experimental conditions is available in the text.

Fig. 4 Transmission electron micrograph of a replicate of a single crystal of polyethylene decorated with polyethylene vapour. With permission from Wiley, New York [30]...

Fig. 18 Transmission electron micrograph of a chlorosulphonated section of polyethylene. Scale bar represents 0.5 pm. Courtesy of M.T. Conde Brana...

Fig. 20 Transmission electron micrograph of permanganic-etched linear polyethylene fraction crystallised at 130.4 °C for 27 days. Courtesy of D.C. Bassett. From [46] with permission from the Royal Society of London, UK...

Fig. 22 Transmission electron micrograph of permanganic-etched branched polyethylene crystallised at 120 °C for 1 min showing dominant S-shaped lamellae. From Patel and Bassett [54] with permission from Elsevier, UK...

Fig. 24 Transmission electron micrograph of linear polyethylene crystallised at 127 °C for 2.5 min showing spiral terraces in the 110 sectors. Scale bar represents 1 pm. From Toda and Keller [37] with permission from Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York...

Hill and Barham [133] showed by transmission electron microscopy that blends of high and low molar mass polyethylene melts were homogeneous with no detectable phase separation. The blends were prepared by solution mixing to obtain an initially homogeneous blend before the thermal treatment in the melt. It should be realised that the mechanical mixing of high and low molar mass linear polyethylenes to obtain a homogeneous melt may require considerable work and time. 

Fig. 2.49 Transmission electron microscopy image (a) and histogram (b) of particle sizes distribution for the samples with 4 % Co in the polyethylene matrix [71]...

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