Polyethersulfone failure

Abstract—The effects of metal alkoxide type and relative humidity on the durability of alkoxide-primed, adhesively bonded steel wedge crack specimens have been determined. Aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, aluminum tri-tert-butoxide, tetrabutyl orthosilicate, and titanium(IV) butoxide were used as alkoxide primers. Grit-blasted, acetone-rinsed mild steel adherends were the substrates bonded with epoxy and polyethersulfone. The two aluminum alkoxides significantly enhanced the durability of the adhesively bonded steel, while the titanium alkoxide showed no improvement in durability over a nonprimed control. The silicon alkoxide-primed samples gave an intermediate response. The failure plane in the adhesively bonded samples varied with the relative humidity during the priming process. 

CMA/20 polycarbonate/polyether (PC) probes have been implanted subcutaneously in rats in our laboratory up to 7-10 days. This membrane chemistry has been discontinued. Failure after 7 days is typical and appears to be due to the foreign body reaction as localized anti-inflammatory administration (dexamethasone) increased the lifetime. (2) CMA/20 polyarylethersulfone (PAES) probes have been implanted subcutaneously for up to 7 days in our laboratory. Failure rates have not been determined. (3) CMA/20 polyethersulfone (PES) probes have been implanted subcutaneously for up to 14 days in our laboratory. Failure rates have not been determined. 

With epoxy novolac and polyethersulfone (PES) modified TGAP (38), the elastic modulus was found to decrease monotonically with PES concentration, ultimate tensile strength was doubled by addition of 40% PES, and elongation to failure is also doubled at this PES concentration. Significantly, toughness decreases rapidly with diminishing volume of the phase-inverted co-continuous structure. 

Tijink et al. [52] suggested that besides removal of protein-boimd toxins, the MMM might also be useful in liver failure or sepsis by combining renal support and targeted adsorption. The MMM might be useful for a wearable artificial kidney due to the incorporation of sorbents within a membrane. However, their development is still in an early stage. The MMMs prepared by phase inversion, using mixture polymer (cellulose acetate, polyethersulfone (PES)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer blend) and activated carbon, were successfully applied for removal of creatinine. 

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