Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioaccumulation

Meador, J.P., Stein, J.E., Reichert, W.L., Varanasi, U. (1995) Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine organisms. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 143, 79-165. 

Southworth, G.R., Beauchamp, J.J., Schmieders, P.K. (1978) Bioaccumulation potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Daphnia Pulex. Water Res. 12, 973-977. 

Van Hoof, P.L., Kukkonen, J.V.K., Landrum, P.F. (2001) Impact of sediment manipulation on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from field-contaminated and laboratory-dosed sediments by an oligochaete. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, 1752-1761. 

Consequently, Europe has historically been a hotspot of environmental pressures because of the contamination caused by agricultural, municipal, and industrial activities and high population densities [5, 6], Such contamination has led to poor water quality in many European river basins [7-12], In addition, this pollution can cause the accumulation in river sediments of toxic compounds such as pesticides [13], surfactants [14], and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [15], These can in turn act as a source to biota [16] and as a potential risk for entire ecosystems [17] if the compounds bioaccumulate, and thereby enter the food chain [18],... 

Ma, W.-C., A. Van Kleunen, J. Immerzeel, and P.G.-J. De Maagd. 1998. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by earthworms assessment of equilibrium partitioning theory in situ studies and water experiments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1730-1737. 

Hellou, J. Steller, S. Langille, M.A. Leonard, J. Tremblay, D. 2004, Partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between water and particles and bioaccumulation in mussels A harbour case. Mar Environ. Res. 59 101-117. 

Leversee, G. J., P. F. Landrum, J. P. Giesy, and T. Fannin, Humic acids reduce bioaccumulation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 40, Suppl. 2, 63-69 (1983). 

Leversee, G. J. (1981). Effects of humic acids on bioaccumulation of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Presented at the Symposium on Aquatic and Terrestrial Humic Materials, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, November 5, 1981. 

Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metals in Estuarine Organisms... 

More recently, the possible biosynthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments was studied by Hase and Hites (1976) a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria taken from Chsurles River sediment showed no evidence to suggest biosynthesis of PAH, although a bioaccumulation of PAH in the medium was established. 

Table 5 Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CIPAH) activity expressed as (a) EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) activity as the relative intensity of ClPAH-mduced cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells [228] (b) environmental fate [Bioaccumulation aquatic] in Pimephales promelas over 96 h [10 L/kg wet] (c) ecotoxicological information [Aquatic Toxicity] LC50 for Pimephales promelas after 96 h [10 mg/L] and (d) carcinogenity in rats, TD50 [10 mol/kg]...

One other approach that was considered was ranking chemicals by groups according to their physical and chemical properties. A number of properties were selected, for example, LD50, bioaccumulation, and persistence as the main criteria for toxicity to the environment and humans. Substances were then classified according to the range they fell within (Ministers Advisory Panel, 1995). This approach was used for the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) assessments. For example, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inorganic cadmium compounds, benzidine, trichloroethylene, and a host of others were concluded to be toxic. Others, such as chlorobenzene, toluenes, xylenes, and dibutyl pthalate, were concluded to be nontoxic. Others, such as aniline, styrene, crankcase oils, and pentachlorobenzene, do not have sufficient information for classification. 

Meador JP, Casillas E, Sloan CA, Varanasi U (1995) Comparative bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment by two infaunal organisms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 123 107-124. 

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