Polybenzimidazol , electrospun

The reinforcing effects of nanofibers in an epoxy matrix and in a rubber matrix using electrospun nanofibers of polybenzimidazole (PBl) was observed. The average diameter of the electrospun fibers was around 300 nm. The nanofibers toughened the brittle epoxy resin. The fracture toughness and modulus of the nanofiber (15 wt.%)-reinforced epoxy composite were both higher than for an epoxy composite made with PBl fibrils (17 wt.%], which were whisker-like particles. 

Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Polybenzoxazine Electrospun Nano-fibers... 

Li HY, Liu YL (2013) Polyelectrolyte composite membranes of polybenzimidazole and crosslinked polybenzrmidazole-polybenzoxazine electrospun nanoflbers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Mat Chem A 1 1171-1178... 

Kim, C., J.-S. Kim, S.-J. Kim, W.-J. Lee, and K.-S. Yang (2004c). Supercapacitors prepared from carbon nanofibers electrospun from polybenzimidazol. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151(5) A769-A773. 

Walmsley RS, Hlangothi P, Litwinski C, Nyokong T, Torto N, Tshentu ZR (2013) Catalytic oxidation of thioanisole using oxovanadium (IV)-lunctionalized electrospun polybenzimidazole nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 127(6) 4719 725. doi 10.1002/app.38067... 

Various polymers have been successfully electrospun from solution, sol-gel suspension, or melt into ultrafine nanotibers. For example, as listed in Table 13.2, these polymers included nylon-6 [20, 21], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [22, 23], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [24], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [25], polystyrene (PS) [26, 27], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [28, 29], polyethersulfone (PES) [30], polyimides (PI) [31, 32], polyethylene oxide (PEO) [33], polyurethanes (PU) [34], polycarbonates (PC) [35], polycaprolactone (PCL) [36], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [37, 38], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [39], polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) [40], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [41], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [42], hydrox-ypropyl cellulose (HPC) [43], polyglycolic acid (PGA) [44], polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) [45], cellulose acetate (CA) [46,47] and many more. To be used as filtration membranes, nanoflbers made of water-soluble polymers have to be further cross-linked after the electrospinning process. As polymers having different physical and... 

Schreuder-Gibson et al used nylon-6,6 (N6,6), polybenzimidazole (FBI) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes produced from electrospun fibers as protective layers. They measured properties of these electrospun membranes, including structural effects upon moisture transport, air convection, aerosol filtration, porosity and tensile strength. 

More than 100 polymers, both synthetic and natural, have been successfully electrospun into nanofibers, mostly from polyma solutions, as any polymer may be electrospun into nanofibers, provided that the polymer molecular weight is sufficiently high and the solvent can be evaporated in the time during the jet transit period, over a distance between the spinneret and the collector. Standard polymers successfully electrospun into nanofibers include polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), Nylon 6, PVA, poly(8-caprolactone), Kevlar (poly[p-phenylene terephthalamide]), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polybenzimidazole, polyurethanes (PUs), polycarbonates, polysulfones, poly(vinyl phenol) (PVP), and many others [36,37]. Electrospinning has also been used to produce nanofibers from natural biomacromolecules, including cellulose [either electrospun from cellulose acetate (CA) with subsequent hydrolysis or directly electrospun from cellulose solutions in Af,Af-dimethylacetamide with lithium chloride], collagen and gelatin, modified chitin, chitosan, and DNA. 

---