Poly vibrational spectroscopy studies

Both vibrational spectroscopies are valuable tools in the characterization of crystalline polymers. The degree of crystallinity is calculated from the ratio of isolated vibrational modes, specific to the crystalline regions, and a mode whose intensity is not influenced by degree of crystallinity and serves as internal standard. A significant number of studies have used both types of spectroscopy for quantitative crystallinity determination in the polyethylenes [38,74-82] and other semi-crystalline polymers such as polyfethylene terephthalate) [83-85], isotactic poly(propylene) [86,87], polyfaryl ether ether ketone) [88], polyftetra-fluoroethylene) [89,90] and bisphenol A polycarbonate [91]. 

Reprinted from Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol 35, pp. 3-7, O.S. Fleming, K. LA. Chan and S.C. Kazarian, FT-IR imaging and Raman microscopic study of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film processed with supercritical CO2, Copyright (2004), with permission from Elsevier). 

Ye, S. Majumdar, P. Chisholm, B. Stafslien, S. Chen, Z., Antifouling and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Tethered Quaternary Ammonium Salts in a Cross-Linked Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Matrix Studied Using Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. Langmuir 2010,26,16455-16462. 

A typical case, famous in organic vibrational spectroscopy, is represented by the work on tron -planar n-alkanes by Schachtschneier and Snyder [33] and by Snyder et al. [34] the latter has extended his study to branched paraffins [35], to n-alkanes in the liquid phase [36] and to oligo and poly-ethers [37]. The use of PED has allowed to distinguish clearly between band progressions and the evolution of the normal modes by changing the phase-coupling (see later in this chapter). 

Chen C, Wang J, Woodcock SE, Chen Z. Surface morphology and molecular chemical structure of poly(n-butyl methacrylate)/polystyrene blend studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Langmuir 2002 18 1302-9. 

Similar studies have been conducted on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to assign different IR signatures obtained from different stereo-configurational isomers. The sensitivity of the vC-Cl bond on the stereochemical environment has been utilized using IR spectroscopy. The characteristic vibrations of the vC-Cl bonds are inherently tied in to the configuration as well as the conformation of the... 

A number of different characterization methods have been performed on poly(thiophene) and poly(alkylderivative)s. NMR of electropolymerized poly(thiophene) films has been studied by Hotta et al. and Osterholm et al. An infrared study about vibrational key band on poly(thiophene) films and FT-IR spectra were also published. Resonance Raman scattering on poly(methylthiophene) and x-ray scattering on poly(thiophene) were performed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been reported on FeCls-doped poly(hexylthiophene) and electrochemically obtained poly(thiophene) [20]. Time resolved fluorescence studies on thiophene oligomers are given by Chosrovian et al. [79]. For studies on oligothiophene films see [80,81]. 

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